Table 2.

Key issues and recommendations for nursing managers and administrators

Issue	Recommendations for nursing managers and administrators
User participation	Nurse managers and administrators can invite nurses to participate in needs assessments and implementation planning. Staff nurses can participate through identification of:  Key nursing concerns  Informational needs and expectations  Critical workflow issues such as providing descriptions of the workflow patterns of their unit and interdependencies between systems
	Nurse managers and administrators should consider providing additional coverage while nursing staff are involved in system development and training as well as system implementation to encourage staff participation
Human computer interaction	Nurses should be invited to participate in testing and actual implementation of the system Staff nurses can participate by:  Test an application in a lab situation prior to wide-scale implementation  Provide feedback on anticipated workflow issues as a result of implementation such as need for increased staffing levels at first or placement of the system within the workspace  Nurses with an aptitude for the system can serve as preceptors or ‘power users’ for their units
Systems integration	Nurse administrators can purchase or recommend purchasing systems that  Integrate with existing information systems such as EHRs or laboratory systems in order to reduce redundant documentation  Utilize a standardized nursing language for organizational comparisons
Encoding challenges	Nurse managers can:  Invite expert nurses to provide practice narratives to help system designers tap their clinical knowledge  Facilitate nurses working with system designers to describe unit or clinic specific scenarios