Urinary tract infection |
Urine microscopy |
Urine culture |
Bauman (1990) |
Congenital heart disease |
Exercise ECG |
Coronary angiography |
Bauman (1990) |
|
|
Echocardiography |
Mertens & Friedberg (2009) |
Hypertension |
Blood pressure (Korotkoff sounds) |
Intra-arterial measurement of pressures |
Bauman (1990) |
|
|
|
Pickering et al. (2005) |
Myocardial infarction |
EEG or cardiac enzymes |
Cardiac biopsy (at autopsy) |
Bauman (1990) |
Breast cancer |
Mammography |
Biopsy result |
Bauman (1990) |
Bowel cancer |
Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) |
Colonoscopy ± biopsy |
Bauman (1990) |
TB |
Tuberculin Skin Test; Interferon Gamma Release Assays |
Chest X-ray and a sample of sputum, detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by culture or molecular methods. |
CDC (2013)
Achkar et al. (2011)
|
Chlamydia |
Tissue culture from single cervical swabs |
Direct immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassay, PCR and serology, others |
Thejls et al. (1994), see Watson et al. (2002) for review article |
Cervical cancer |
Pap smear |
Colposcopy with appropriate biopsy or sentinel lymph node biopsy |
Gotzak-Uzan et al. (2010) |
Celiac disease |
IgG- and IgA-antigliadin antibodies, IgA-endomysial antibodies, and intestinal permeability |
Small bowel biopsy |
Vogelsang et al. (1995) |