Table III.

Estimation Bias and Relative Root Mean Squared Error (RRMSE) for the Coarsening Model (CO)

	Bias (%)				RRMSE (%)
	1%	5%	10%	20%	1%	5%	10%	20%
θ 0	−1.4	−0.4	−0.3	−0.2	8.3	2.1	1.5	1.1
θ 1	−0.1	0.2	−0.1	0.4	6.4	6.3	6.6	6.9
γ	0.9	1.4	0.7	0.8	9	9	9.6	9.4
K on	2.7	1.9	3	2.5	18.6	18.2	19.8	20.5
E max	2.3	1.7	2.2	2.6	15	14.7	15.8	14.4
EC50	13.3	10.3	11.7	9.6	51.8	49.7	53	47.1
ω 00	−0.6	−0.8	−1.3	−2.2	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.8
ω 11	−1	−1.2	−1.6	−2.1	5	5.2	5.2	6

θ ₀ baseline disease state, θ ₁ rate of disease progression, γ magnitude of the placebo effect, K _on onset rate of the placebo effect, E _max maximum disease-modifying effect, EC ₅₀ concentration at which 50% of the maximum effect, ω ₀₀ standard deviation of interindividual variability on baseline, ω ₁₁ standard deviation of interindividual variability on rate of progression