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. 2015 Mar 25;2015:813737. doi: 10.1155/2015/813737

Table 2.

Histology data from renal papillary tissue (n = 3).

Pretreatment EG treatment Crystal deposits
CTR 0
EPI 0
RGS 0
WGS 0
CTR EG +++
EPI EG +++
RGS EG +
WGS EG ++

(CTR): control with no pretreatment, (EPI): epicatechin pretreatment, (RGS): red grape seed extract pretreatment, (WGS): white grape seed extract pretreatment, and (EG): ethylene glycol/NH4Cl treatment.

0 = no crystallization; + = mild crystallization; ++ = moderate crystallization; and +++ = severe crystallization.