TABLE 4.

Odds ratios from random-effects logistic regression models predicting changes among men’s family-size preferences over time, Balaka, Malawi, 2009–11

	Upward movement (versus no change)		Downward movemen (versus no change)
Characteristic	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Individual
Years of education	0.94**	0.95**	0.96**	0.97*
Age	1.02	1.02	1.01	1.02
Number of living children	1.29**	1.26**	0.89	0.87
Religion
Catholic (r)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Muslim	1.43	1.11	1.61	1.62 a
Mission Protestant	1.27	1.14	0.88	0.97
Pentecostal	1.03	0.99	1.28	1.26
New Mission Protestant	1.00	0.85	1.68 b	1.61 c
Other (mostly AIC)	1.38	1.38	1.43	1.18
Household goods	0.94	0.95	0.92	0.93
Partner
Years of education	1.00	1.00	0.97	0.98
Age	1.01	1.00	1.05	1.02
Number of living children	1.01	1.01	1.06	1.06
Religion
Catholic (r)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Muslim	1.32	1.37	1.05	0.94
Mission Protestant	1.17	1.20	1.10	0.98
Pentecostal	1.11	1.08	0.78	0.77
New Mission Protestant	1.23	1.30	1.05	0.94
Other (mostly AIC)	0.97	0.92	1.19	1.18
Household goods	1.05	1.02	1.06	1.06
Couple
Relationship length in months	0.996 d	0.996*	0.996	0.997 d
Married	0.74	0.71	0.93	0.93
Relative preference
Same (r)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Partner’s preferences are lower	0.64*	0.97	3.69**	2.48**
Partner’s preferences are higher	3.84**	2.40**	0.44**	0.60**
Change between previous two interviews
No change (r)		1.00		1.00
Upward		0.47*		4.81**
Downward		6.43**		0.59
Rho	0.26	0.06	0.24	0.08
N (couple-waves)	(3,000)	(3,000)	(2,931)	(2,931)
N (couples)	(742)	(742)	(740)	(740)

^*Significant at p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01.

(r) = Reference category. AIC = African Independent Churches.

^ap = 0.054.

^bp = 0.084.

^cp = 0.065.

^dp = 0.090.