Table 1.
Summary of available data from trials of treatments directed at type 2 inflammation in asthma*
| Therapeutic antibody | Isotype | Targeted epitope | Relative affinity | Main effects in human asthma trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omalizumab(Genentech/Roche and Novartis) | Humanized IgG1 | IgE (CH2 and CH3 domains) | 0.06 nM78 | Decrease in asthma exacerbation rates and reductions in maintenance doses of oral corticosteroids36,37. Small effects on FEV1 and asthma symptoms. |
| Mepolizumab(GlaxoSmithKline) | Humanized IgG1 | IL-5 | NA | Decrease in asthma exacerbation rates when used to treat patients with asthma who have persistent eosinophilia despite corticosteroid treatment27–29. |
| Benralizumab (MedImmune/ AstraZeneca) | Humanized IgG1 | IL-5Rα | NA | Decrease in asthma exacerbation rates when used to treat patients with asthma who have persistent eosinophilia despite corticosteroid treatment45. |
| Reslizumab(Teva Pharmaceutical Industries) | Humanized IgG4 | IL-5 | 20 pM | Improvements in airway function and a trend towards greater asthma control when used to treat patients with asthma who have persistent eosinophilia despite corticosteroid treatment46. |
| Lebrikizumab(Genentech/Roche) | Human IgG4 | IL-13 (IL-4Rα-binding epitope) | <10 pM79 | No effect on FEV1 in steroid-naive individuals with asthma47. Improvements in FEV1 and asthma exacerbations in steroid-treated patients with moderate and severe asthma48. Greatest effects in patients with high serum periostin levels. |
| GSK679586(GlaxoSmithKline) | Human IgG1 | IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2 | 300–400 pM80 | No improvement in FEV1 or exacerbations in patients with moderate to severe asthma. |
| Tralokinumab(MedImmune/AstraZeneca) | Human IgG4 | IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2 | 165 pM81 | Limited effects on FEV1 but effective in reducing asthma exacerbations. Greatest effects in patients with high serum periostin levels. |
| Dupilumab(Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) | Human IgG4 | IL-4Rα | NA | Maintenance of asthma control and FEV1 when corticosteroid dose is tapered in patients with moderate to severe asthma30. Effects are greatest in patients with high blood eosinophil levels. |
*
The table is restricted to data from Phase II trials or beyond. FEV1, forced expired volume in 1 second; IL, interleukin; IL-5Rα, α-chain of the IL-5 receptor;
NA, not applicable.