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. 2015 Apr 8;10(4):e0123099. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123099

Table 2. Prevalence of asthma, asthma symptoms and rhinitis.

Symptoms Number Crude prevalence, % (95% CI) p gender Age Standardized prevalence, Overall, % (95% CI) Age Standardized prevalence for men, % (95% CI) Age Standardized prevalence for women, % (95% CI)
Asthma
Asthma ever 65 2.7 (2.1–3.4) 0.036 2.7 (2.0–3.4) 1.6 (0.8–2.4) 3.5 (2.4–4.6)
Current attack of asthma 24 1 (0.6–1.4) 0.017 1.2 (0.7–1.7) 0.7 (0.2–1.2) 1.6 (0.9–2.3)
Current asthma medications use 19 0.8 (0.4–1.2) 0.225 0.8 (0.4–1.2) 0.4 (0.0–0.8) 1.2 (0.6–1.8)
Wheezing ever 158 6.9 (5.9–7.9) 0.325 6.9 (5.8–8.0) 6.3 (4.7–7.9) 7.4 (5.9–8.9)
Current wheezing 66 2.9 (2.2–3.6) 0.675 2.9 (2.2–3.6) 2.6 (1.6–3.6) 3.1 (2.1–4.1)
Current wheezing at effort 62 2.7 (2.0–3.4) 0.611 2.6 (2.0–3.2) 2.3 (1.3–3.3) 2.7 (1.8–3.6)
Current awakening with tightness 217 9.4 (8.2–10.6) 0.244 9.3 (8.0–10.6) 8.5 (6.6–10.4) 10.1 (8.4–11.8)
Current attack of breathless 137 5.9 (4.9–6.9) 0.076 6.2 (5.2–7.2) 5.1 (3.6–6.6) 6.8 (5.4–8.2)
Current attack cough 352 15.3 (13.8–16.8) 0.138 15.2 (13.6–16.8) 13.4 (11.1–15.7) 16.4 (14.2–18.6)
Current nocturnal cough without cold 245 10.6 (9.3–11.9) 0.685 10.7 (9.3–12.1) 11.0 (8.9–13.1) 10.6 (8.8–12.4)
Rhinitis
Self-reported allergic rhinitis 262 11.4 (10.1–12.7) 0.247 11.2 (9.8–12.6) 12.1 (9.9–14.3) 10.4 (8.7–12.1)
Rhinitis symptoms ever 342 14.8 (13.4–16.2) 0.389 14.6 (13.0–16.2) 13.5 (11.2–15.8) 15.3 (13.2–17.4)
Current symptoms of rhinitis 240 10.4 (9.2–11.6) 0.591 10.3 (9.0–11.6) 9.4 (7.5–11.3) 10.8 (9.0–12.6)
Current rhino-conjunctivitis 125 5.4 (4.5–6.3) 0.377 5.3 (4.3–6.3) 4.7 (3.3–6.1) 5.8 (4.5–7.1)

CI, confidence interval.