Table 3.
Voxelwise analysis of variance reporting significant clusters for an interaction of group x condition and significant main effects of group and of condition.
| Region | BA | L/R | Volume (μL) | x | y | z | F | g | Contrast | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group X Conditiona | ||||||||||
| Medial frontal gyrus/superior frontal gyrus, paracingulate gyrus | 10/9/32 | R | 7256 | 20 | 56 | 10 | 11.4 | 1.4 | Sucrose: OB>HW | 2.9 |
| Water: OB>HW | 1.1 | |||||||||
| OB: Sucrose>Water | 2.2 | |||||||||
| HW: Water>Sucrose | 2.6 | |||||||||
| Anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus, superior frontal gyrus | 9/32 | L | 3624 | −20 | 54 | 16 | 17.5 | 1.7 | Sucrose: OB>HW | 3.3 |
| Water: OB>HW | 1.5 | |||||||||
| OB: Sucrose>Water | 1.3 | |||||||||
| HW: Water>Sucrose | 4.0 | |||||||||
| Cuneus, lingual gyrus/calcarine gyrus | 17/18 | L/R | 3456 | 8 | −84 | −6 | 13.4 | 1.5 | Sucrose: OB>HW | 3.0 |
| Water: OB>HW | 1.1 | |||||||||
| OB: Sucrose>Water | 1.3 | |||||||||
| HW: Water>Sucrose | 4.0 | |||||||||
| White matter/middle frontal gyrus | 9 | L | 1840 | −22 | 20 | 28 | 14.9 | 1.6 | Sucrose: OB>HW | 2.2 |
| Sucrose: OB>HW | Water: OB>HW | 1.1 | ||||||||
| Water: OB>HW | OB: Sucrose>Water | 4.1 | ||||||||
| OB: Sucrose>Water | HW: Water>Sucrose | 1.1 | ||||||||
| Amygdala/parahippocampal gyrus/anterior fusiform gyrus | 37/36 | R | 1168 | 18 | −2 | −28 | 7.1 | 1.1 | Sucrose: OB>HW | 3.2 |
| Water: OB>HW | 0.9 | |||||||||
| OB: Sucrose>Water | 0.7 | |||||||||
| HW: Water>Sucrose | 3.3 | |||||||||
| Paracingulate gyrus | 32/9 | R | 824 | 10 | 38 | 32 | 7.3 | 1.1 | Sucrose: OB>HW | 3.2 |
| Water: OB>HW | 1.0 | |||||||||
| OB: Sucrose>Water | 0.3 | |||||||||
| HW: Water>Sucrose | 3.7 | |||||||||
| Inferior frontal gyrus/middle frontal gyrus | 45/9 | R | 800 | 40 | 18 | 18 | 9.6 | 1.3 | Sucrose: OB>HW | 2.6 |
| Water: OB>HW | 0.9 | |||||||||
| OB: Sucrose>Water | 1.6 | |||||||||
| HW: Water>Sucrose | 2.8 | |||||||||
| Middle temporal gyrus/inferior temporal gyrus | 21/20 | L | 728 | −62 | −18 | −20 | 24.3 | 2.0 | Sucrose: OB>HW | 1.4 |
| Water: OB>HW | 0.2 | |||||||||
| OB: Sucrose>Water | 4.5 | |||||||||
| HW: Water>Sucrose | 2.3 | |||||||||
| Cingulate gyrus/precentral gyrus | 31/4 | L | 576 | −16 | −28 | 48 | 11.2 | 1.4 | Sucrose: OB>HW | 2.1 |
| Water: OB>HW | 0.5 | |||||||||
| OB: Sucrose>Water | 3.4 | |||||||||
| HW: Water>Sucrose | 1.2 | |||||||||
| Anterior parahippocampal gyrus | 36 | L | 512 | −32 | −16 | −30 | 12.7 | 1.4 | Sucrose: OB>HW | 1.9 |
| Water: OB>HW | 1.5 | |||||||||
| OB: Sucrose>Water | 2.8 | |||||||||
| HW: Water>Sucrose | 2.2 | |||||||||
| Main effect of group (OB vs. HW)b | ||||||||||
| Calcarine sulcus/occipital pole | 19/18/17 | L/R | 3336 | 0 | −90 | 2 | 13.2 | 1.5 | OB>HW | 3.6 |
| Brain stem | L/R | 3264 | −12 | −16 | −26 | 16.0 | 1.6 | OB>HW | 4.0 | |
| Cerebellum (culmen) | L | 1384 | −4 | −42 | −14 | 13.6 | 1.5 | OB>HW | 3.7 | |
| Superior frontal gyrus | 6 | L | 1376 | −14 | 14 | 62 | 13.5 | 1.5 | OB>HW | 3.7 |
| Superior temporal gyrus/insula | 22/13 | R | 1280 | 60 | −10 | −2 | 15.6 | 1.6 | OB>HW | 3.9 |
| Posterior cingulate gyrus | 29/30 | L/R | 1152 | −8 | −50 | 20 | 13.8 | 1.5 | OB>HW | 3.7 |
| Calcarine sulcus/occipital pole | 17/18 | R | 1000 | 14 | −98 | 0 | 28.9 | 2.2 | OB>HW | 5.4 |
| Superior frontal gyrus/frontal pole | 10 | L | 768 | −10 | 66 | 18 | 12.9 | 1.5 | OB>HW | 3.6 |
| Postcentral gyrus/precentral gyrus | 3/2/1/4 | R | 752 | 12 | −34 | 70 | 15.7 | 1.6 | OB>HW | 4.0 |
| Anterior cingulate gyrus (dorsal)/paracingulate gyrus | 32/24 | R | 744 | 6 | 30 | 26 | 14.0 | 1.5 | OB>HW | 3.7 |
| Middle temporal gyrus (posterior) | 21 | L | 712 | −58 | −30 | −14 | 14.3 | 1.5 | OB>HW | 3.8 |
| Inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis) | 45 | L | 616 | −34 | 34 | 14 | 13.6 | 1.5 | OB>HW | 3.7 |
| Hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus | 27/36/35 | R | 608 | 28 | −36 | −2 | 18.3 | 1.7 | OB>HW | 4.3 |
| Insula/putamen | 13/14 | R | 472 | 36 | −4 | −6 | 12.2 | 1.4 | OB>HW | 3.5 |
| Insula/superior temporal gyrus | 13/38 | L | 456 | −44 | 16 | −12 | 14.3 | 1.5 | OB>HW | 3.8 |
| Middle temporal gyrus (posterior) | 21 | R | 432 | 56 | −38 | −4 | 11.8 | 1.4 | OB>HW | 2.8 |
| Middle temporal gyrus (posterior) | 37/19 | L | 424 | −48 | −58 | 0 | 14.1 | 1.5 | OB>HW | 3.8 |
| Middle frontal gyrus/superior frontal gyrus | 8 | L | 392 | −28 | 32 | 52 | 10.8 | 1.3 | OB>HW | 3.3 |
| Parahippocampal gyrus | 36 | L | 336 | −30 | −42 | -10 | 11.7 | 1.4 | OB>HW | 3.4 |
| Posterior cingulate gyrus | 23/31 | L | 320 | −14 | −40 | 40 | 10.8 | 1.3 | OB>HW | 3.3 |
| Posterior insula | 13 | L | 272 | −42 | −12 | 6 | 13.6 | 1.5 | OB>HW | 3.7 |
| Thalamus (ventral lateral nucleus, ventral anterior nucleus) | L | 248 | −6 | −8 | −2 | 11.5 | 1.4 | OB>HW | 3.4 | |
| Middle frontal gyrus | 8 | L | 248 | −48 | 20 | 44 | 10.9 | 1.3 | OB>HW | 3.3 |
| Parahippocampal gyrus/fusiform gyrus | 36/37 | L | 208 | −40 | −30 | −16 | 11.6 | 1.4 | OB>HW | 3.4 |
| Cerebellum (lobules I–IV) | L/R | 208 | 0 | −54 | 2 | 10.6 | 1.3 | OB>HW | 3.3 | |
| Posterior cingulate | 30/29 | R | 208 | 14 | −52 | 24 | 11.8 | 1.4 | OB>HW | 3.4 |
| Middle temporal gyrus | 21 | L | 200 | −56 | −16 | −22 | 12.4 | 1.4 | OB>HW | 3.5 |
| Inferior occipital gyrus/fusiform gyrus | 37/19 | L | 200 | −38 | −68 | −8 | 11.4 | 1.4 | OB>HW | 3.4 |
| Middle temporal gyrus/angular gyrus | 39 | L | 200 | −44 | −68 | 32 | 9.7 | 1.3 | OB>HW | 3.1 |
| Main Effect of Taste (Sucrose vs. Water)a | ||||||||||
| Cerebellum | R | 31088 | 24 | −34 | −26 | 15.7 | 1.6 | Sucrose > Water | 3.8 | |
| Precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus | 3/4 | L | 7928 | −46 | −16 | 24 | 22.9 | 1.9 | Sucrose > Water | 5.0 |
| Precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus | 40/43/4 | R | 3352 | 44 | −14 | 26 | 15.1 | 1.6 | Sucrose > Water | 4.1 |
| Superior temporal gyrus | 38 | R | 2200 | 42 | 16 | −30 | 12.5 | 1.4 | Sucrose > Water | 3.4 |
| Anterior cingulate | 32 | R | 1728 | 12 | 42 | −20 | 19.4 | 1.8 | Sucrose > Water | 4.1 |
| Lingual gyrus/cuneus | 30 | L | 1392 | −26 | −72 | 6 | 29.3 | 2.2 | Sucrose > Water | 5.3 |
| Inferior parietal lobe | 40 | R | 1392 | 26 | −34 | 26 | 10.7 | 1.3 | Sucrose > Water | 3.2 |
| Cingulate gyrus | 24 | L | 1160 | −22 | 10 | 24 | 15.0 | 1.6 | Sucrose > Water | 4.0 |
| Caudate tail/posterior cingulate | 23 | L | 904 | −20 | −40 | 22 | 13.6 | 1.5 | Sucrose > Water | 3.6 |
| Anterior cingulate/medial frontal gyrus/subcallosal cortex | 32/11/12 | L | 752 | −12 | 32 | −18 | 8.7 | 1.2 | Sucrose > Water | 3.0 |
| Superior temporal gyrus | 41/42 | R | 712 | 62 | −22 | 10 | 16.1 | 1.6 | Sucrose > Water | 4.1 |
| Middle temporal gyrus | 21/36 | L | 592 | −38 | 0 | −28 | 10.4 | 1.3 | Sucrose > Water | 3.2 |
| Cingulate gyrus | 24 | R | 512 | 20 | 2 | 28 | 8.3 | 1.2 | Sucrose > Water | 2.9 |
| Medial frontal gyrus | 10 | L | 6912 | −16 | 68 | 4 | 16.6 | 1.7 | Water > Sucrose | 4.0 |
| Middle frontal gyrus/medial frontal gyrus | 8/9 | R | 5104 | 24 | 30 | 40 | 17.0 | 1.7 | Water > Sucrose | 4.0 |
| Middle frontal gyrus/superior frontal gyrus | 8/9 | L | 4392 | −22 | 30 | 52 | 16.2 | 1.6 | Water > Sucrose | 3.8 |
| Parahippocampal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus | 36/21 | L | 2216 | −40 | −22 | −18 | 15.8 | 1.6 | Water > Sucrose | 3.8 |
| Middle occipital gyrus/lingual gyrus | 17/18 | R | 1784 | 24 | −100 | 12 | 11.2 | 1.4 | Water > Sucrose | 3.1 |
| Superior occipital gyrus | 19 | L | 1448 | −38 | −78 | 32 | 12.1 | 1.4 | Water > Sucrose | 3.3 |
| Inferior frontal gyrus | 44 | L | 1128 | −52 | 14 | 20 | 8.3 | 1.2 | Water > Sucrose | 2.8 |
| Middle occipital gyrus/lingual gyrus | 17/18 | L | 1048 | −14 | −94 | 12 | 7.2 | 1.1 | Water > Sucrose | 2.3 |
| Precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus | 4/3 | L/R | 976 | 4 | −36 | 72 | 10.1 | 1.3 | Water > Sucrose | 3.1 |
| Superior parietal lobule | 7 | L | 840 | −26 | −52 | 52 | 9.0 | 1.2 | Water > Sucrose | 2.9 |
| Middle temporal gyrus/temporal pole | 38/21 | L | 808 | −52 | 2 | −38 | 9.5 | 1.3 | Water > Sucrose | 2.8 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | 46/9 | R | 800 | 32 | 32 | 20 | 7.8 | 1.1 | Water > Sucrose | 2.5 |
| Middle temporal gyrus | 21 | R | 648 | 58 | −14 | −10 | 9.6 | 1.3 | Water > Sucrose | 2.9 |
| Lateral occipital cortex | 19 | R | 616 | 46 | −74 | 30 | 9.8 | 1.3 | Water > Sucrose | 3.1 |
| Precentral gyrus/Postcentral gyrus | 4/3 | R | 552 | 36 | −18 | 64 | 7.8 | 1.1 | Water > Sucrose | 2.5 |
| Superior frontal gyrus | 6 | L | 536 | −2 | 16 | 68 | 12.3 | 1.4 | Water > Sucrose | 3.2 |
| Parahippocampal gyus/uncus | 34/36 | R | 496 | 28 | −6 | −34 | 10.2 | 1.3 | Water > Sucrose | 2.9 |
Statistics relate to the peak voxel within each functional cluster. Coordinates given in MNI space. BA: Brodmann area; L: left; R: right; OB: Obese; HW: healthy weight.
a
Statistical threshold was determined with Monte-Carlo simulations (via AFNI’s 3dClustSim) to guard against false positives resulting in an a posteriori ROI-wise probability of p < 0.05; minimum cluster size = 488 mm3
b
Statistical thresholding was determined with Monte-Carlo simulations (via AFNI’s 3dClustSim) to guard against false positives resulting in an a posteriori ROI-wise probability of p < 0.01; minimum cluster size = 168 mm3.