Table 3.

Healthcare utilization by group

	Escalating (n = 23)	Stable (n = 223)	P-valuea	Adjusted P-valueb
Outpatient encounters, c mean (sd)	51.1 (20.3)	35.5 (21.3)	< 0.001	0.002
Office visits	14.1 (7.1)	11.0 (7.5)	0.03	0.16
Telephone encounters	14.0 (11.5)	8.6 (7.3)
Refill requestsd	9.3 (5.7)	9.4 (6.8)
Email encounters	7.3 (7.9)	3.2 (6.6)
Outpatient orderse	4.4 (5.7)	2.0 (2.9)
Nurse / ancillary staff encounter	1.1 (2.3)	0.9 (0.8)
Primary care encounters, mean (sd)	31.7 (16.9)	23.2 (13.1)
Primary care office visits, mean (sd)	6.3 (4.1)	5.3 (3.4)
Hospital admissions, mean (sd)	0.6 (1.0)	0.3 (0.7)
Emergency department visits, mean (sd)	0.2 (0.5)	0.2 (0.5)

^aGroups were compared using Wilcoxon two-sample test.

^bAdjusted for multiple comparisons using Holm’s step-down procedure

^cOutpatient encounters includes all encounter types listed as well as home visits (n=60) and unclassified (n=4) encounters.

^dThe majority of refill requests are requests from pharmacies; a minority are patient telephone calls.

^eThese encounters are orders without any accompanying clinical documentation.