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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2014 Dec 5;74:123–130. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.11.026

Table 4.

Associations between sexual orientation and smoker characteristics among male smokers in the United States, 2010.

Independent variables Logistic regressions
Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval)		 Linear regressions
Coefficient (95% CI)		 Negative binomial regression
Coefficient (95% CI)
Advertising
receptivity		 Nondaily
smoking		 Nicotine
dependence		 Wants to quit Age at first
cigarette		 Smoking
intensity		 Past quit attempts
Sexual orientation
 Gay 1.865 (0.465–7.480) 1.054 (0.533–2.083) 1.395 (0.768–2.534) 0.767 (0.379–1.551) −0.446 (−1.462–0.570) −1.947 (−4.085–0.191) 0.242 (−0.551–1.035)
 Bisexual 0.582 (0.077–4.396) 2.039 (0.727–5.722) 1.208 (0.355–4.110) 0.985 (0.269–3.614) 0.886 (−0.379–2.151) −2.399 (−8.697–3.900) −0.526 (−1.286–0.234)
 Heterosexual Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent
Age group
 18 to 24 1.382 (0.769–2.482) 1.785* (1.141–2.790) 0.617* (0.405–0.941) 0.427*** (0.284–0.642) −1.547*** (−2.246–0.847) −2.051 (−7.928–3.825) 0.280 (−0.045–0.605)
 25 to 34 Omitted 1.894*** (1.325–2.705) 0.657* (0.462–0.934) 0.751 (0.530–1.063) −0.397 (−1.027–0.234) −4.563*** (−6.169–2.956) 0.034 (−0.182–0.250)
 35 to 54 Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent
 55 and older Omitted 1.238 (0.863–1.774) 0.836 (0.640–1.094) 0.834 (0.637–1.092) −0.354 (−0.901–0.194) −0.152 (−1.563–1.258) 0.142 (−0.019–0.304)
Race/ethnicity
 White, non-Hispanic Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent
 Black, non-Hispanic 0.545 (0.196–1.515) 2.539*** (1.672–3.856) 0.435*** (0.297–0.636) 1.955** (1.214–3.148) 2.393*** (1.728–3.057) −7.002*** (−9.180 to −4.825) 0.181 (−0.102–0.464)
 Hispanic 0.763 (0.224–2.600) 5.667*** (2.811–11.423) 0.410* (0.176–0.952) 1.085 (0.513–2.294) 0.167 (−1.273–1.607) 1.242 (−8.547–11.031) −0.571* (−1.060–0.082)
 Other race and multiple races, non-Hispanic 0.973 (0.378–2.507) 0.712 (0.430–1.179) 0.875 (0.547–0.952) 0.873 (0.534–1.428) 0.172 (−0.578–0.921) −0.558 (−3.609–2.494) 0.346 (−0.009–0.701)
Annual income
 Less than $30,000 0.615 (0.293–1.292) 0.855 (0.563–1.298) 1.082 (0.791–1.481) 1.153 (0.816–1.627) −0.492 (−1.112–0.127) 0.820 (−2.406–4.046) −0.006 (−0.205–0.217)
 $30,000 to $49,999 Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent
 $50,000 or more 0.934 (0.490–1.781) 1.425* (1.010–2.010) 0.630* (0.438–0.906) 1.007 (0.714–1.422) −0.020 (−0.557–0.517) −0.112 (−1.774–1.549) 0.046 (−0.160–0.252)
Highest education attained
 Less than high school 1.284 (0.485–3.398) 0.432** (0.264–0.707) 1.523* (1.028–2.258) 1.132 (0.738–1.736) −1.963*** (−2.615 to −1.311) 4.448** (1.794–7.102) −0.230 (−0.495–0.035)
 High school 0.841 (0.387–1.823) 0.677* (0.481–0.953) 1.316 (0.929–1.864) 0.948 (0.670–1.341) −0.724* (−1.332 to −0.116) 0.865 (−0.923–2.654) −0.370*** (−0.561 to −0.179)
 Some college 1.090 (0.443–2.681) 0.889 (0.616–1.282) 0.934 (0.667–1.306) 1.118 (0.759–1.649) −0.420 (−0.960 to −0.120) 0.549 (−0.986–2.084) −0.164 (−0.384 to -0.056)
 College degree or more Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent
Region
 Northeast 1.724 (0.711–4.185) 0.737 (0.469–1.158) 0.876 (0.610–1.258) 1.320 (0.898–1.940) 0.032 (−0.694–0.759) 2.419 (−2.115–6.953) 0.119 (−0.150–0.387)
 Midwest Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent
 South 0.614 (0.306–1.234) 1.492* (1.053–2.115) 1.066 (0.786–1.446) 0.754 (0.556–1.021) −0.201 (−0.705–0.303) 1.012 (−0.329–2.353) −0.007 (−0.217–0.203)
 West 0.628 (0.250–1.578) 1.305 (0.828–2.060) 0.740 (0.503–1.088) 1.170 (0.777–1.763) 0.582 (−0.087–1.252) −3.371* (−5.981–0.761) 0.074 (−0.177–0.324)
N 1792 6528 6430 6254 6483 5291 5493
*

p < .05.

**

p < .01.

***

p < .001.