Table 1. Summary of datasets.

Dataset	Trait	N	Meana	SDa	r2/h2b
Cattle	Fat percentage	5024	−0.06	0.28	0.94
	Milk yield	5024	370.79	641.60	0.95
	Somatic cell score	5024	102.32	11.73	0.88
Loblolly pine	Rustbin	807	−0.01	0.40	0.21
	Gall	807	−0.02	1.13	0.12
	Density	910	0.05	2.50	0.09
	Rootnum	925	0.32	0.96	0.07
	CWAC	861	2.28	42.03	0.45
	Rootnum_bin	925	0.11	0.26	0.10
QTL-MAS2012	T1	3000	0.00	176.52	0.36
	T2	3000	0.00	9.51	0.35
	T3	3000	0.00	0.02	0.52
GSA data	PolyUnres	2000	−	−	0.25
	GammaUnres	2000	−	−	0.25
	PolyRes	2000	−	−	0.25
	GammaRes	2000	−	−	0.25

^aMean and (SD) of conventional estimated breeding values for the three cattle traits or phenotypic values for other traits; we did not calculate the statistics for GSA data because it includes 10 replicates of the simulated datasets. GSA, Genetics Society of America

^bReliability (r²) for cattle trait estimated breeding value, or heritability (h²) for other trait phenotypes.