Table 1.
Demographic characteristics
| Characteristics | Number of patients (%) |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Male | 45 (88.2) |
| Female | 4 (7.8) |
| Missing | 2 (3.9) |
| Race | |
| Malay | 41 (80.4) |
| Chinese | 4 (7.8) |
| Indian | 4 (7.8) |
| Mean (SD†) age in years | 39.8 (8.9) |
| Age groups | |
| < 30 years old | 4 (7.8) |
| 31–39 years old | 18 (35.3) |
| 40–49 years old | 11 (21.6) |
| 50–59 years old | 6 (11.8) |
| > 60 years old | 1 (2.0) |
| Missing | 11 (21.6) |
| Mean (SD†) number of years in Methadone Clinic | 2.2 (1.1) |
| Mean (SD†) age started substance use in years | 19.8 (5.1) |
| Mean (SD†) duration of substance use in years | 17.3 (7.4) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 33 (64.7) |
| Single | 14 (27.5) |
| In a relationship | 3 (5.9) |
| Missing | 1 (2.0) |
| Education | |
| Secondary | 37 (72.5) |
| Primary | 5 (9.8) |
| College | 4 (7.8) |
| No education | 3 (5.9) |
| University | 1 (2.0) |
| Postgraduate | 0 (0.0) |
| Missing | 1 (2.0) |
| Work | |
| Employed | 40 (51.0) |
| Unemployed | 2 (3.9) |
| Retired | 1 (2.0) |
| Other | 1 (2.0) |
| Student | 0 (0.0) |
| Missing | 7 (2.0) |
| Individual monthly income | |
| RM0 | 5 (9.8) |
| < RM500 | 12 (23.5) |
| RM500 – 1000 | 13 (25.5) |
| RM1001 – RM1500 | 14 (27.5) |
| RM1501 – RM2000 | 4 (7.8) |
| > RM2000 | 0 (0.0) |
| Missing | 3 (5.9) |
| Family monthly income | |
| RM0 | 2 (3.9) |
| < RM500 | 5 (9.8) |
| RM500 – 1000 | 8 (15.7) |
| RM1001–RM1500 | 9 (17.6) |
| RM1501 – RM2000 | 7 (13.7) |
| > RM2000 | 9 (17.6) |
| Missing | 11 (21.6) |
| Comorbid psychiatric diseases | |
| Anxiety | 6 (11.8) |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | 5 (9.8) |
| Panic disorder | 5 (9.8) |
| Depression | 4 (7.8) |
| Schizophrenia | 1 (2.0) |
| Smokers | |
| Yes | 46 (90.2) |
| Quit | 2 (3.9) |
| No | 1 (2.0) |
| Missing | 2 (3.9) |
| Alcohol drinkers | |
| No | 21 (41.2) |
| Yes | 16 (31.4) |
| Missing | 14 (27.5) |
† SD = standard deviation.