eTable 4. Clinical outcomes following total ankle replacement: probability of survival of implant components and postoperative range of ankle motion*.
| Study | Study type | Implant type | No. of implants | Probability of survival of implant components | Mean follow-up time | Postoperative range of motion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (e71) | RS, SC | Buechel–Pappas | 35 | 97% after 5 years | 5 years (3 to 150 months) |
N/A |
| (e72) | RS, SC | Agility | 207 | 76% after 9 years | N/A | N/A |
| (e73) | RS, SC | AES | 93 | 90% after 5 years | 42 months (13 to 73 months) |
N/A |
| (e6) | RS, SC | STAR | 51 | 70% after 5 years | 52 months (36 to 97 months) |
Total 28° (10 to 55°) |
| (22) | RS, SC | HINTEGRA | 123 | 93% after 6 years | 67.7±27.0 months (29 to 126 months) |
Total 35.3°± 8.1° |
| (e34) | PS, SC | HINTEGRA | 52 | 91% after 5 years, 78% after 8 years |
5 years (2 to 10 years) |
Total 38°± 9° |
| (6) | PS, SC | HINTEGRA | 722 | 94% after 5 years, 84% after 10 years |
6.3±2.9 years (2 to 12.2 years) |
N/A |
| (e74) | RS, MC | Salto (388), AES (173), HINTEGRA (22), STAR (9) |
592 | 88% after 71 months | Min. 1 year | N/A |
| (e75) | PS, SC | BOX | 62 | 91.9% after 42.5 months | 42.5 months (24 to 71 months) |
DF 8.4°±4.8° (0 to 20°); PF 17.1°±8.3° (0 to 30°) |
| (e76) | RS, SC | Salto | 98 | 98% after 5 years | 35 months (24 to 68 months) |
Total 28.3°±7° |
| (e77) | RS, SC | Salto | 98 | 85% after 10 years | 8.9 years (6.8 to 11 years) |
DF 8.6°±5.3° (−5 to 20°); PF 18.1°±7.8° (5 to 40°) |
| (e78) | PS, SC | STAR | 77 | 70.7 after 10 years, 45.6% after 14 years |
12.4 years (10.8 to 14.9 years) |
Total 22.8°±3.5° |
| (e8) | PS, SC | Buechel–Pappas | 50 | 93.5% after 10 years | 5 years (2 to 10 years) |
Total 28° (12 to 46°) |
| (e79) | PS, SC | Buechel–Pappas (normal sulcus 40; deep sulcus 75) |
115 | 74.2% (normal sulcus) after 20 years, 92% (deep Sulkus) after 12 years |
12 years 2 to 10 years, normal sulcus), 5 years (2 to 12 years, deep sulcus) |
Total 25° (10 to 47°, normal sulcus), total 29° (10 to 50°, deep sulcus) |
| (e80) | PS, SC | BOX | 20 | N/A | 12 months (7 to 14 months) |
Total 28.8°±11.3° (10 to 50°) |
| (e81) | RS, SC | Agility | 42 | 62% after 9 years | 8 years (0.5 to 11 years) | |
| (e82) | RS, SC | Buechel–Pappas | 30 | 87.6% after 5 years | 5.1±4 years (1 to 13 years) |
DF 5°; PF 30° |
| (e83) | PS, SC | LCS (19), Buechel–Pappas (74) | 93 | 84% after 8 years | 7.2 years (0.4 to 16.3 years) |
DF 7.1° (5.8 to 8.4°); PF 24.8° (22.6 to 27.2°) |
| (e9) | PS, MC | STAR (216), TPR (32), HINTEGRA (6), AES (3) |
257 | 89% after 5 years, 76% after 10 years |
4 years (5 days to 12 years) |
N/A |
| (e84) | PS, MC | BOX | 51 | 97.2% after 3 years | 30 months (24 to 48 months) |
Total 27.4° (16 to 53°) |
| (e85) | PS, MC | BOX | 158 | 96.1% after 4 years | 17 months (6 to 48 months) |
Total 26.5° (14 to 53°) |
| (e86) | PS, MC | STAR (318), Buechel–Pappas (92), AES (69), HINTEGRA (29), Mobility (23) |
531 | 78% after 5 years, 62% after 10 years |
1 to 11 years | N/A |
| (e87) | PS, MC | STAR (322), Mobility (132), AES (115), Buechel–Pappas (109), CCI (66), HINTEGRA (36) |
780 | 81% after 5 years, 69% after 10 years |
10 years | N/A |
| (e11) | RS, SC | STAR | 123 | 86% (patients with preoperative deformity up to 10°) and 75% (patients with preoperative deformity 10 to 30°) after 5 years |
4 years 2 to 8 years) |
N/A |
| (e88) | PS, MC | Agility (117), STAR (45), Mobility (29), Ramses (11) |
202 | 86% after 5 years | 28 to 75 months | N/A |
| (e12) | RS, SC | Agility | 65 | 91% after 1 year, 70% after 3 years, 67% after 5 years |
3.3 years (2 to 5.9 years) |
N/A |
| (e89) | RS, SC | TPR | 33 | 85% after 10 years | 10 to 23 years | N/A |
| ((e13) | RS, SC | STAR | 52 | 90% after 5 years, 84% after 8 years |
80 months (60 to 110 months) |
Total 23°±12° (0 to 55°) |
| ((e90) | RS, SC | Mayo | 204 | 79% after 5 years, 65% after 10 years, 61% after 15 years |
9 years 2 to 17 years) |
k. A. |
| (e14) | RS, SC | Agility | 132 | 86% after 9 years, 63% after 11 years |
9 years | DF 0° (−24 to 16°); PF 19° (−1 to 36°) |
| (e58) | PS, SC | STAR | 28 | 70% after 12 years | 1 to 12 years | N/A |
| (e91) | PS, SC | STAR | 52 | 72.7% (primary osteoarthritis) and 75.5% (rheumatoid arthritis) after 14 years |
9 years (6 to 14 years) |
N/A |
| (e92) | PS, SC | STAR | 100 | 85.7% (patients under 50) and 91.6% (patients over 50) after 5 years, 75% (patients under 50) and 80.6% (patients over 50) after 10 years |
6.8 years (1 to 15 years) |
N/A |
| (e93) | PS, SC | STAR (33 cemented, 25 uncemented) |
58 | 70% (cemented) and 95.4% (uncemented) after 12 years |
9.4±2.7 years | N/A |
| (e94) | PS, SC | AES | 38 | 79% after 2 years | 28 months (2 to 70 months) |
N/A |
| (e95) | PS, SC | LCS (19), Buechel–Pappas (74) |
93 | 80% after 15 years | 14.8 years (10.7 to 22.8 years) |
N/A |
| (e96) | PS, MC | BOX | 189 | 97% after 4 years | 21 months | Total 14 to 53° |
| (e16) | PS, SC | INBONE (211), STAR (122), Salto-Talaris (71) |
404 | 90% and 97.6% after 3.2 years with and without arthrodesis of the hindfoot |
3.2 years (2 to 6 years) |
N/A |
| (e17) | PS, SC | STAR | 84 | 96% after 5 years, 90% after 10 years |
9.1 years (2.6 to 11 years) |
DF 4.5°; PF 34.7° |
| (e97) | RS, SC | AES | 38 | 94.7% after 6 years | 57.8 months (48 to 80 months) |
N/A |
| (e98) | RS, SC | TNK | 27 | 77% after 14.1 years | 72 months (15 to 169 months) |
DF 7.5° (0 to 20°); PF 8.5° (−10 to 20°) |
| (e99) | RS, SC | Salto | 75 | 98% after 3.6 years | 43 months (27 to 73 months) |
DF 8.7°±5.6°; PF 29°±7° |
| (21) | RS, MC | Salto (91), HINTEGRA (39), AES (20), Coppelia (17), STAR (11), Ramses (4), Akile (1) |
183 | 86% (high-volume sites 88.4%; low-volume sites 84.9%) after 5 years |
39±29 months (6 to 132 months) |
N/A |
| (e100) | RS, MC | STAR | 59 | 88% after 3 years | 36 months (12 to 65 months) |
DF 10.2°±6.3°; PF 11.3°±7.9° |
| (e22) | PS, SC | Mobility | 240 | 97.7% after 4 years | 32.8±15.3 months (12 to 63 months) |
DF 8.3°±5.3°; PF 13.6°±6.4° |
| (e101) | RS, SC | Buechel–Pappas | 28 | 93% after 8.3 years | 8.3 years (5 to 12.2 years) |
Total 23° (8 to 40°) |
| (e102) | RS, SC | Salto | 401 | 86.6% (all patients), 85.1% (posttraumatic osteoarthritis), 95.6% (rheumatoid arthritis), 87.9% (patients under 55) after 5 years |
29 months (1 to 84 months) |
Total 33.1°±13.6° |
| (e103) | PS, SC | TPR (20), STAR (19) |
39 | 87% (TPR) after 12 years, 94.3% (STAR) after 6 years |
8.6 years (TPR: 3 to 13 years), 3.1 years (STAR: 1 to 6 years) |
Total (TPR) 37°. Total (STAR) 33.5° |
| ((e104) | PS, SC | Salto Talaris | 75 | 96% after 2.8 years | 2.8 years (2 to 4.5 years) |
N/A |
| (e25) | PS, MC | AES (298), STAR (217) |
515 | 83% after 5 years | 3.2 years (0.1 to 9.6 years) |
N/A |
| (e26) | RS, SC | Agility | 306 | 80% (89% in patients over 54) after 5 years |
33 ± 18 months (4 to 75 months) |
N/A |
| (e105) | PS, MC | Mobility | 88 | 89.6% after 3 years, 88.4% after 4 years |
40 months (30 to 60 months) |
N/A |
| (e106) | RS, SC | Mobility | 58 | 84% after 4 years | 32 months (14 to 49 months) |
N/A |
| (e107) | RS, SC | AES (16), Salto (4), New-Jersey (1) |
21 | 91% after 3 years, 57% after 5 years |
38±26 months | N/A |
| (e108) | PS, SC | STAR | 200 | 92.7% after 5 years | 46 months (24 to 101 months) |
N/A |
| (e109) | RS, MC | Salto | 109 | 97.5% after 2 years | 21.7 months (12 to 65 months) |
Total 32° |
| (e110) | RS, SC | HINTEGRA | 16 | 66.7% after 5 years | 61.8 months (7 to 116 months) |
Total 23.7° (12.0 to 47.5°) |
| (e111) | PS, SC | STAR | 200 | 93.3% after 5 years, 80.3% after 10 years |
88 months (60 to 156 months) |
N/A |
| (e112) | PS, SC | Buechel–Pappas (100), STAR (100) | 200 | 79% (Buechel–Pappas) and 95% (STAR) after 6 years |
Min. 36 months | N/A |
| (e30) | PS, SC | Mobility | 100 | 97% after 3 years, 93.6% after 4 years |
43 months (4 to 63 months) |
DF 7.5° (−5 to 22°), PF 14° (1 to 41°) |
*All available clinical studies (total ankle replacement) were included.
AES: Ankle Evolutive System; BOX: Bologna–Oxford; DF: dorsiflexion; N/A: information not available; LCS: low-contact stress; MC: multicenter; PF: plantar flexion; PS: prospective;
RS: retrospective; STAR: Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement; TPR: Thomson, Prichard and Richard; SC: single-center