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. 2015 Jan 19;5(1):214–229. doi: 10.3390/life5010214

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Fusion of small unilamellar vesicles on nanoporous silica cell replicas and other silica particles forms protocells; (B) The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed the VDAC1 protein (arrow) from different samples. VDAC1 successfully incorporated into the DOPC or Soy Lecithin-coated protocells (Lane 9 and 10) while the supernatant of the centrifuged protocells contained no VDAC1 (Lane 7 and 8). Most VDAC1 proteins precipitated when detergent Lauryldimethylamine-oxide (LDAO) was removed from the lipid-detergent-protein mixture (Lane 3 and 4). Original SUVs before protein incorporation had no VDAC1 (Lane 5 and 6).