Table 1.
Average and maximal rF values for different solutes and vesicle preparation methods.
| Solute | MW (kDa) | Lipids | Method c | ˂rF˃ ± SD (n) d | rF,max | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcein | 0.67 | POPC | M1 | n.a. | n.a. | – e |
| Dextran-RITC | 10 | POPC | M1 | 12 ± 3.8 (11) | 19.8 | – f |
| BSA-FITC | 66 | POPC | M1 | 5.7 ± 4.5 (69) | 29 | – f |
| BSA-FITC | 66 | PB33PEO29 a | M1 | 2.9 ± 0.2 (19) | 3.2 | – g |
| BSA-FITC | 66 | POPC | M2 | 3.7 ± 1.4 (48) | 7.7 | – g |
| BSA-FITC | 66 | POPC ± oleate b | M3 | 3.5 ± 1.1 (13) | 8.6 | – f |
| APC | 104 | POPC | M1 | 3.9 ± 1.6 (19) | 7.3 | – h |
| Dextran-FITC | 150 | POPC | M1 | 2.7 ± 1.0 (15) | 5.1 | – f |
| Dextran-FITC | 150 | POPC ± oleate b | M3 | 3.8 ± 1.1 (55) | 6.4 | – f |
| PE | 240 | POPC | M1 | 6.1 ± 2.3 (11) | 9.9 | – i |
a Copolymer vesicle made by Poly(butadiene-b-ethylene oxide), average MW 1.85 kDa; b POPC:oleate has been varied as 100:0, 80:20, 50:50 (without observing any statistical difference among the samples); c M1—hydration of thin lipid films deposited on glass beads; M2—hydration of freeze-dried lipid vesicles; M3—ethanol injection method. d ˂rF˃, SD, and n stand for, respectively, the mean value, the standard deviation, and the number of observations (number of vesicles). e No vesicles with fluorescence higher than the background were systematically observed; f [solute]bulk from 0.63 to 5 μM, intravesicle concentration not dependent from vesicle size and solute concentration; g [BSA-FITC]bulk = 4 μM, intravesicle concentration not dependent from vesicle size; h [APC]bulk from 0.5 to 5 μM, intravesicle concentration not dependent from vesicle size, yet dependent from solute concentration in inverse way; i [PE]bulk from 0.16 to 0.25 μM, intravesicle concentration not dependent from vesicle size and solute concentration; “n.a.” stands for “not available”.