Table 5.

Measurement invariance of the FFMQ bifactor model across meditative experience (meditators vs. non-meditators²).

Model	MLRχ2 (df)	CFI	RMSEA	SRMR	Model Comparison	ΔMLRχ2 (Δdf)	ΔCFI	ΔRMSEA	ΔSRMR
1. Baseline model (no constraints)	1791.28 (1246)	0.947	0.038	0.046	–	–
2. All factor loadings invariant (measurement invariance)	2022.70 (1363)	0.936	0.040	0.079	2 vs. 1	214.62* (117)	0.011†	0.002	0.033†
3. All factor loadings invariant except those for observe on the general mindfulness factor	1978.38 (1355)	0.939	0.040	0.074	3 vs. 1	185.43* (109)	0.008	0.002	0.028
4. All factors loadings invariant except all those related to observe	1943.18 (1339)	0.941	0.039	0.064	4 vs. 1	146.59* (93)	0.006	0.001	0.018
5. All factors loadings invariant except those related to observe and wording effects	1892.54 (1308)	0.943	0.039	0.060	5 vs. 1	98.32* (62)	0.004	0.001	0.014
6. All factors loadings invariant except observe, wording effects, and general mindfulness	1821.04 (1277)	0.947	0.038	0.051	6 vs. 1	34.82 (31)	0	0	0.005

^*Significant after Bonferroni adjustment.

^†ΔCFI ≥ 0.01; ΔRMSEA ≥ 0.015; ΔSRMR ≥ 0.03.