ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes used in the study
| Variables | ICD-9 codes |
|---|---|
| Mechanical ventilation | 93.90, 96.70, 96.71 |
| Blood transfusion | 99.02, 99.03, 99.04, 99.05, 99.06, 99.07, 99.09 |
| Acute posthemorrhagic anemia | 285.1 |
| Osteoarthritis | 715.16 |
| Inflammatory arthritis | 099.3, 136.1, 446.0, 446.4, 446.5, 446.7, 44.76, 696.0, 701.0, 710.0, 710.1, 710.2, 710.3, 710.4, 710.8, 710.9, 711.1X*, 713.1, 713.3, 714.0, 714.2, 714.3, 714.9, 720.0X, 725 |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension | 401.9, 402.90, 403.9X |
| Diabetes | 250.X |
| Hypercholesteremia | 272.0 |
| Obesity | 278.0X |
| Pulmonary disease | 490, 491.X, 492.X, 493.X, 494.0, 496 |
| Renal disease | 403.9X, 585.9 |
| Coronary artery disease | 416.0, 416.8 |
| Congestive heart failure | 428.0, 428.31 |
| Sleep apnea | 780.57 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 416.0, 416.8 |
| Liver disease | 571.0, 573.0, 576.8 |
| Coagulopathy | 286.X |
| Local complications | |
| Injury to peripheral nerve(s) of pelvic girdle and lower limb | 956.X |
| Peripheral vascular complications | 997.2 |
| Hemorrhage complicating a procedure | 998.11 |
| Hematoma complicating a procedure | 998.12 |
| Seroma complicating a procedure | 998.13 |
| Accidental puncture or laceration during a procedure | 998.2 |
| Disruption of operative wound | 998.3 |
| Disruption of internal operation wound | 998.31 |
| Disruption of external operation wound | 998.32 |
| Nonhealing surgical wound | 998.83 |
| Minor complications | |
| Hypotension | 458.2, 458.29, 458.9 |
| Syncope and collapse | 780.2 |
| Tachycardia | 785.0 |
| Delirium | 292.81, 293.0, 293.1 |
| Urinary tract infection | 599.0 |
| Urinary retention | 788.2X |
| Postoperative infection and cellulitis | 998.5X, 999.3X, 682.6 |
| Paralytic ileus | 560.1 |
| Pleural effusion | 511.9 |
| Major complications | |
| Central nervous system infarction | 997.01, 997.02 |
| Pulmonary compromise | 518.X, 997.3X |
| Sepsis | 038.X, 785.52, 785.59, 790.7, 995.91, 995.92, 998.0 |
| Shock/cardiorespiratory arrest | 427.5, 799.1 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 410.01, 410.11, 410.21, 410.31, 410.41, 410.51, 410.61, 410.71, 410.81, 410.91 |
| Cardiac complications | 997.1X |
| Pneumonia | 480.X, 481, 482.X, 483.X, 485, 486, 487.0, 507.0 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 415.11, 415.12, 415.19 |
| Embolism/thrombosis—deep vein thrombosis | 453.8, 453.41, 453.42 |
* An X indicates that the variable includes all codes starting with the numbers preceding the X.; ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification.