Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population and for the two intervention groups
| Baseline characteristics | Study population (n = 80) | Insole group (n = 42) | Brace group (n = 38) | Dropout (n = 11) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women, number (%) | 41 (51) | 28 (67) | 13 (34) | 4 (36) |
| Age (years) | 54 (7) | 54 (7) | 54 (7) | 56 (7) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30 (5) | 30 (5) | 31 (5) | 30 (4) |
| VAS (0–10) | 6 (3) | 6 (3) | 6 (2) | 6 (4) |
| WOMAC (0–100) | 47 (18) | 47 (19) | 47 (16) | 40 (20) |
| Walking distance, number (%) | ||||
| Unimpaired | 36 (45) | 16 (38) | 20 (53) | 6 (55) |
| > 1 km | 29 (36) | 17 (40) | 12 (31) | 4 (36) |
| 500 m to 1 km | 10 (13) | 5 (12) | 5 (13) | 1 (9) |
| < 500 m | 5 (6) | 4 (10) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Analgesic use, number (%) | ||||
| None | 36 (45) | 18 (43) | 18 (47) | 8 (73) |
| When needed | 19 (24) | 10 (24) | 9 (24) | 1 (9) |
| Daily | 25 (31) | 14 (33) | 11 (29) | 2 (18) |
| Osteoarthritis medial K&L grade, number (%) | ||||
| 1 | 35 (41) | 15 (36) | 20 (53) | 4 (36) |
| 2 | 14 (18) | 8 (19) | 6 (16) | 2 (18) |
| 3 | 30 (38) | 18 (43) | 12 (32) | 5 (46) |
| 4 | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Osteoarthritis lateral K&L grade, number (%) | ||||
| 0 | 57 (71) | 29 (69) | 28 (74) | 9 (82) |
| 1 | 19 (24) | 10 (24) | 9 (24) | 2 (18) |
| 2 | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) |
| HKA angle (°)* | 7 (4) | 7 (4) | 7 (4) | 10 (4)† |
| Peak KAM (Nm) | 51 (18) | 55 (18) | NA | |
| Mean KAM (Nm) | 31 (14) | 33 (12) | NA | |
| Angular impulse (Nm/sec) | 23 (10) | 26 (10) | NA | |
All values are presented as mean (± SD) unless indicated otherwise; *positive angle represents varus alignment, negative angle represents valgus alignment; †significant difference between study population and lost to followup; BMI = body mass index; VAS = visual analog scale; K&L = Kellgren & Lawrence; HKA = hip-knee-ankle angle; KAM = knee adduction moment; NA = not available.