Table 2.
Immediate effect, reported as percentage change in knee adduction moment measures, ground reaction force, and moment arm at baseline, when wearing the orthosis (wedged insole or brace) compared with no orthosis
| Outcome | Insole group (n = 38) | Brace group (n = 42) | Betaǂ | 95% confidence interval | p value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knee adduction moment | |||||
| Peak (%) | −4 (10)* | 5 (16)* | −0.089 | −0.147 to −0.03 | 0.003 |
| Mean (%) | −1 (0)* | 0 (0)* | −0.001 | −0.002 to −0.001 | 0.001 |
| Angular impulse (%) | −1 (17)* | 8 (25)* | −1.578 | −3.989 to 0.833 | 0.196 |
| Ground reaction force (%) | 0 (10) | 1 (7) | −8.604 | −41.371 to 24.162 | 0.602 |
| Moment arm (%) | −4 (13) | 6 (18) | −0.005 | −0.009 to −0.001 | 0.01 |
All values are presented as mean (± SD) unless indicated otherwise; p values of significantly reduced outcomes are presented in bold; *positive value represents increased knee adduction moment, negative value represents decreased knee adduction moment; †corrected for toe-out angle and walking speed; ǂbeta represents the regression coefficient of the linear regression analysis.