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. 2014 Oct 25;473(1):380–389. doi: 10.1007/s11999-014-4017-8

Table 3.

Factors associated with having a nontraumatic musculoskeletal problem

Variable Proportion who had at least one problem during past year
n (%)/group total
Odds ratio 95% CI for odds ratio p value
Age groups (years)
 0–14 45 (3.4%)/1333 Reference
 15–65 171 (8.0%)/2132 2.65 (1.88–3.73) < 0.0001
 > 65 33 (19.9%)/166 9.38 (5.69–15.47) < 0.0001
Sex
 Male 115 (6.9%)/1665 Reference
 Female 134 (6.8%)/1967 0.89 (0.68–1.16) 0.3749
Residency
 Urban 75 (5.3%)/1426 Reference
 Rural 174 (7.7%)/2247 1.44 (1.08–1.92) 0.0129
Occupation
 Unemployed 70 (3.9%)/1776 Reference
 Grouped 81 (8.1%)/998 2.04 (1.45–2.87) < 0.0001
 Farmer 97 (11.5%)/842 3.40 (2.46–4.71) < 0.0001
Education 
 None 159 (8.4%)/1885 Reference
 Primary 36 (4.46%)/808 0.49 (0.34–0.72) 0.0003
 Secondary 48 (5.96%)/806 0.71 (0.50–1.00) 0.0510
 Tertiary 5 (4.42%)/113 0.45 (0.16–1.24) 0.1208