Table 2.

Antibacterial activities of the reviewed drugs.

Drug	Therapeutic use	Antibacterial activity in vitro	Antibacterial activity in vivo	Reference
Gallium compounds	Gallium nitrate: treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy	Growth inhibition of several recalcitrant bacterial pathogens (including clinical isolates) such as: Gram (-) Pseudomonas aeruginosa y A. baumanii and Gram (+) like Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Effective against syphilis (Treponema cuniculi) in rabbits and trypanosomiasis in mice, guinea pigs, and monkeys Acute and chronic mice infections of P. aeruginosa A. baumannii infections in caterpillar and mice	Levaditi et al. (1931), Olakanmi et al. (2000), Kaneko et al. (2007), DeLeon et al. (2009), Antunes et al. (2012), de Leseleuc et al. (2012)
5-Florouracil	Anticancer drug Treatment of actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease	Growth inhibition of Gram (+) and (-) bacterial species Inhibition of biofilm formation Repression of QS in P. aeruginosa	Successful in clinical trials in humans, as external coating of central venous catheters	Hussain et al. (1992), Ueda et al. (2009), Walz et al. (2010)
Ciclopirox	Antifungal	Bacteriostatic and bactericide activity, depending on concentration used, in laboratory and clinical isolates	Not yet tested	Carlson-Banning et al. (2013)
5-fluorocytosine	Antifungal	Inhibition of virulence factor production by P. aeruginosa	Suppresses P. aeruginosa pathogenicity in a mouse model of lung infection	Imperi et al. (2013a)
Azithromycin	Antibiotic	Inhibition of QS systems of P. aeruginosa	Clinical evidence and clinical trials demonstrate efficacy in the treatment of chronic pulmonary infections of P. aeruginosa	Imperi et al. (2014)
Niclosamide	Antihelmintic	Inhibition of QS systems of P. aeruginosa	Reduction of P. aeruginosa pathogenicity in an insect model	Imperi et al. (2013b)
Diflunisal	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory	Potent virulence inhibitor for the USA300 strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)	Not yet tested	Khodaverdian et al. (2013)
Statins	Lower plasma cholesterol levels	Reduction of virulence factor production of P. aeruginosa Broad spectrum antibacterial effects	Inhibition of S. pneumoniae attachment to lung and vascular tissue	Rosch et al. (2010)
Pentetic acid	Preparation of radiopharmaceuticals treatment of iron-storage disease and poisoning from heavy metals	Reduction of virulence factor production of P. aeruginosa	Effective to alleviate mice airway infections	Gi et al. (2014)
Terfenadine	Antihistamine	Inhibit growth of several pathogenic bacteria, including S. aureus and M. tuberculosis	Not yet tested	Perlmutter et al. (2014)
Zafirlukast	Treatment of asthma	Antimycobacterial	Not yet tested	Pinault et al. (2013)