Table 1.
Summary of categorised possible DDH risk factors requiring further elucidation
| Maternal | Infant | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Epidemological | Age | Gestation |
| Parity | Birth order | |
| Ethnicity | Gender | |
| Month of conception | Date, season of birth | |
| 2. Nutritional | Weight, height (BMI) | Birthweight |
| Use of dietary supplements | Growth (height, weight) | |
| Alcohol history | Breast/bottle milk | |
| Smoking history | Age of weaning | |
| Serum | Vitamin C | Vitamin C |
| Vitamin D | Vitamin D | |
| Calcium | Calcium | |
| 3. Hormonal | Hormonal contraception use | |
| Serum | Relaxin | Relaxin |
| Breast milk | Relaxin | Prolidase |
| Urine | Oestrogens | Oestrogens |
| 4. Connective tissue | Beighton score/similar joint laxity assessment | Umbilical cord collagen (content, ratio) |
| Pelvic joint syndrome |