Table 2.
Associations between cardio-metabolic parameters and sub-acute fine particulate matter air pollution exposures measured among 25 Michigan residents
| OUTCOME | β† | 95% CI | p | β* | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SDNN (msec) | −11.60 | −24.0 to 0.9 | 0.070 | −13.1 | −25.3 to −0.9 | 0.035 |
| Glucose (mg•dl−1) | 4.6 | −1.0 to 10.3 | 0.109 | 5.4 | 0.5 to 10.3 | 0.029 |
| Insulin (µU•ml−1) | 3.1 | 0.2 to 6.1 | 0.036 | 2.9 | 0.2 to 5.6 | 0.034 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.8 | 0.11 to 1.5 | 0.024 | 0.7 | 0.1 to 1.3 | 0.023 |
Associations of outcomes per 10 µg•m−3 increase in PM2.5 level:
β estimate from the GEE (unadjusted)
β estimate from the GEE adjusted for age + body mass index (SNDD); age (glucose); body mass index (insulin, HOMA-IR). The parameters included in adjusted models were pre-selected as stated in methods and thereafter included because they showed a trend for associations with the health outcome of interest and/or modified the association with exposure. Given the limited sample size (n=25) we adjusted for only up to 2 variables in a model. No major outcome differences were found adjusting for other factors.
No changes in GEE associations occurred between HOMA-IR and PM2.5 exposures whether outlying values for insulin or glucose (thus calculated HOMA-IR) were included or excluded (per Table 1). The association results presented in Table 2 includes all values.
95%CI, 95% confidence interval; SDNN, Standard Deviation of Normal-to-Normal Beats