Table 1.
Characteristics of studies reporting adverse events.
| Study author, year | Study design | Stage of COPD | Comparison | Sample size | Number randomised to treatment group/control group | CHM intervention; administration | Cointervention/comparator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Che HZ, 2005 | RCT | Stable | 2 | 50 | 25/25 | Zhi ke qing fei liquid, oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Chen R, 2005 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 66 | 36/30 | Jin shui bao capsule, oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Cui FS, 2013 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 69 | 35/34 | Ma xing shi gan tang, oral | Multipharmacotherapies |
| Dong GB, 2008 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 240 | 120/120 | Xi xin nao, IV | Pharmacotherapy |
| Fu ZY, 2008 | RCT | Stable | 2 | 60 | 30/30 | Chen xia liu jun zi tang + San zi yang qin tang (modified), oral | Methylxanthines |
| Gong GL, 2008 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 96 | 53/43 | Tan re qing, IV | Antibiotics plus mucolytics |
| Guo LX, 2005 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 60 | 30/30 | Tan re qing, IV | Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic |
| Guo YR, 2011 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 60 | 30/30 | Huang qi tang, oral | Multipharmacotherapies |
| Han GL, 2011 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 68 | 37/31 | Hua zhuo qu yu tang, oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Hu Y, 2010 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 94 | 34/28 | Tan re qing, inhaled | Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic |
| Hua ZQ, 2013 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 98 | 50/48 | Yi qi qing fei tang, oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Huang B, 2006 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 60 | 30/30 | Tan re qing, IV | Multipharmacotherapies |
| Huang DH, 2005 | RCT | Stable | 2 | 63 | 32/31 | Yu ping feng ke li + Bai ling capsule + Jian pi yi fei chong ji, oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Ji, 2003 | CCT | Stable | 2 | 19 | 10/9 | CHM formula (unnamed), oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Li L, 2011 | RCT | Stable | 2 | 70 | 35/35 | Shen ge jiao nang, oral | Methylxanthines plus placebo |
| Li DL, 2009 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 60 | 30/30 | Xuan bai chen qi tang, oral | Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic |
| Li FY, 2009 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 96 | 64/32 | Tan re qing, IV | Antibiotics plus mucolytics |
| Li PW, 2010 | CS | NS | 4 | 68 | NA | Wen qing di tan yin (modified), oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Li SY, 2012 | RCT | Stable | 2 | 352 | 176/176 | Bu fei jian pi or Bu fei yi shen or Yi qi zi shen, oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Liang AL, 2009 | RCT | Stable | 2 | 60 | 30/30 | CHM formula (unnamed), oral | Salmeterol/fluticasone and methylxanthines |
| Liu JB, 2012 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 62 | 31/31 | Tan re qing, IV | Pharmacotherapy |
| Liu W, 2011 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 62 | 32/30 | Xie fei tang + Li pi bu shen tang (modified), oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Liu XJ, 2005 | CS | AECOPD | 4 | 126 | NA | Tan re qing, IV | Pharmacotherapy |
| Liu YQ, 2006 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 83 | 43/40 | Jin shui bao jiao nang, oral | Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus steroids |
| Ma XC, 2009 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 112 | 60/52 | Tan re qing, IV | Multipharmacotherapies |
| Ming ZQ, 2008 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 40 | 20/20 | Xue bi jing, IV | Pharmacotherapy |
| Mukaida, 2011 | RCT | Stable | 1 | 24 | 13/11 | Mai men dong tang (Bakumondoto), oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Ou L, 2012 | CCT | AECOPD | 1 | 82 | 41/41 | Jin kui shen qi pill + Ma xing shi gan formula + Xiao qing long formula + Bu fei formula, oral | Multipharmacotherapies |
| Peng WG, 2008 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 87 | 44/43 | Tan re qing, IV | Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic |
| Shen YD, 2010 | RCT | Stable | 2 | 81 | 32/49 | Gu ben ke chuan pill, oral | Ipratropium bromide plus routine care |
| Tong WN, 2012 | RCT | Stable | 2 | 82 | 42/40 | Xiao ke chuan jiao nang, oral | Bronchodilator |
| Wu, 2011 | RCT | Stable | 1 | 263 | 178/85 | Jian pi yi fei II (modified), oral | Placebo |
| Xiong CW, 2011 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 112 | 56/56 | Fu zheng hua tan qu yu tang (modified), oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Yang XJ, 2006 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 50 | 25/25 | Tan re qing, IV | Antibiotics plus bronchodilator plus mucolytic |
| Ye, 2010 | RCT | Stable | 1 | 90 | 45/45 | Bu yuan tang, oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| You BW, 2007 | RCT | Stable | 2 | 64 | 32/32 | Yi fei he ji, oral | Methylxanthines plus a bronchodilator plus steroid |
| Yuan YL, 2011 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 80 | 40/40 | Sang bai pi tang (modified), oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Zhai, 2012 | RCT | Stable | 1 | 140 | 70/70 | Fu zheng qing tan hua yu, oral | Drug therapy |
| Zhang, 2008 | RCT | Stable | 1 | 73 | 38/35 | Liu jun zi pill, oral | No treatment |
| Zhang LH, 2011 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 80 | 40/40 | Su zi jiang qi tang, oral | Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic |
| Zhang Y, 2004 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 60 | 30/30 | Tan re qing, IV | Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic |
| Zhang YF, 2010 | CS | NS | 3 | 45 | NA | Yang he tang (modified), oral | NA |
| Zhao W, 2012 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 62 | 31/31 | CHM formula (unnamed), oral | Multidrug therapy |
| Zheng H, 2012 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 60 | 30/30 | CHM formula (unnamed), oral | Pharmacotherapy |
| Zheng XG, 2003 | CS | Stable | 3 | 60 | NA | Yi xin kang tai jiao nang, oral | NA |
| Zhong HW, 2010 | RCT | Stable | 2 | 87 | 44/43 | Fei shu jiao nang, oral | Methylxanthines alone |
| Zhou J, 2008 | RCT | AECOPD | 2 | 81 | 43/38 | Tan re qing, IV | Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic |
AECOPD: acute exacerbation of COPD; CCT: controlled clinical trial; CHM: Chinese herbal medicine; CS: case series; I: intervention; IV: intravenous; NA: not applicable; NS: not specified; RCT: randomised controlled trial.
Comparison column: 1: CHM versus control; 2: CHM plus pharmacotherapy versus pharmacotherapy; 3: CHM (case series); 4: CHM plus pharmacotherapy (case series).