Table 3.

Multi-Phase Model for Well-being over Time-to-Death, Including Perceived Control and the Covariates as Predictors of Differences in the Location of the Inflection Point.

Parameter	Estimate	SE
Fixed effects
Intercept1, a00	48.85*	(0.255)
Inflection point, k	− 4.99*	(0.257)
Pre-terminal slope2, a01	− 0.24*	(0.027)
Terminal slope2, a02	− 1.17*	(0.064)
Died ≤ 69 years × change point, k	0.10	(0.264)
Died 70–79 years × change point, k	–	–
Died ≥ 80+ years × change point, k	− 0.59*	(0.247)
Men × change point, k	0.77*	(0.213)
Education × change point, k	0.27*	(0.057)
Disability × change point, k	− 2.41*	(0.214)
Perceived control × change point, k	1.98*	(0.197)
Time perceived control–death × change point, k	− 0.25*	(0.029)
Perceived control × time perceived control–death × change point, k	− 0.13*	(0.048)
Random effects
Variance intercept	78.73*	(3.423)
Variance pre-terminal slope	0.47*	(0.039)
Variance terminal slope	2.45*	(0.224)
Covariance intercept, pre-terminal slope	3.04*	(0.292)
Covariance intercept, terminal slope	− 5.29*	(0.632)
Covariance pre-terminal slope, pre-terminal slope	− 0.19*	(0.066)
Residual variance	61.71*	(0.65)
Pseudo R2	.239
AIC	164,619

Note. Unstandardized estimates and standard errors are presented.

¹= Intercept is centered at the change point;

²= Slope or rate of change is scaled in T-units per year. N = 1,641 participants who provided 22,703 observations. Scores were standardized to a T metric (M = 50; SD = 10) using the 2002 SOEP sample as the reference frame (M = 6.90, SD = 1.81 on a 0–10 scale). Participants who died between 70 and 79 years of age served as the reference group. Two-way and tree-way interaction terms of the quadratic slope and of perceived control were tested, but only those reliably different from zero were retained in the final model. AIC = Akaike Information Criterion, a relative model fit statistic.

^*p < .05.