Fig. 2.

Pathogenic mechanisms of LRRK2 mutations (modified from [151]). Many pathogenic mechanisms have been reported for LRRK2 mutations. Among those there is a growing number of evidence of involvement of LRRK2 in different vesicle trafficking events, including endocytosis [152, 171], Golgi clearance [43, 51, 126, 150, 151], cytoskeleton dynamics [40–43, 53, 115, 126, 138, 139, 150, 172–174], lysosomal dynamics [143], and autophagy [124, 140, 142, 146, 175]. Different pathogenic LRRK2 mutations can cause alterations of at least some of these events. Please note that lack of indication that a specific mutation has a given effect does not necessarily mean that a negative result has been reported; in most cases not all mutations have been tested