Table 2.
Comparison of percentage of sleep problems and harmful sleep habits of pre-school children in the literaturea
| Domains of BEARS* and CSHQ questionnaires | Australia, 2004 (3) | Netherlands, Dutch, 2007, 2–13 y (5) | United States, 2–12 y, 2004 (6) | Iran, Tehran, 2007 (10) | Iran, Tehran 2009, 2–6 y (23) | Iran, current study Urban area, 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bedtime problems (bedtime resistance, sleep onset latency) | 12.8 | 15 | 16.3 | 56.4 | 28.9 | 24.4 |
| Excessive daytime sleepiness | 10 | 5.6 | 26.7 | 64.9 | 6.9 | |
| Awakening during the night | 18.1 | 18.4 | 13.8 | 27.7 | 13.9 | |
| Regularity and duration of sleep | – | – | 5.7 | 27.7 | 29.2 | 61.7 |
| Sleep disordered Breathing | 9.7 | 1 | 13.1 | 17.8 | 7.1 | 1.2 |
aThe years are related to date of study not published article references, (3,5,6,10,23).
bPercentage of sleep problems ( BEARS and CHSQ).