Table 3.

Adjusted difference-in-difference estimates for the association between race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White versus Black) and substance use from adolescence to adulthood among men, comparing the magnitude of Wave 4 associations to Wave 1 associations, N=11,365

	Men			Women
	Est.	S.E.	P-value	Est.	S.E.	P-value
Alcohol use (past year)
Any use	0.19	0.23	0.41	−0.15	0.22	0.51
At-risk drinking, among drinkers	−0.41	0.27	0.13	0.22	0.27	0.41
Average # of drinks consumed, among drinkers	−0.81	0.59	0.17	−0.64	0.28	0.02
Frequency of drunkenness, among drinkers	0.29	0.18	0.11	−0.03	0.10	0.76
Cigarette use (past 30 days)
Any use	−1.27	0.22	0.00	−0.84	0.23	0.00
Use >25 days	−2.09	0.46	0.00	−2.74	0.53	0.00
Average # of cigarettes, among users	−0.60	0.87	0.49	−1.69	1.23	0.17
Marijuana use (past 30 days)
Any use	0.35	0.32	0.28	−0.63	0.25	0.01
At least weekly use	−0.08	0.40	0.84	−0.97	0.30	0.00
Frequency of use, among users	−0.54	0.32	0.09	−0.69	0.32	0.03

Bold=p<0.05

Adjusted for: baseline age, highest level of parental education, urban versus rural location, family use of public assistance, and household income.