Table 2. Reverse Genetic Approaches Available for Nasonia.

Approach	Works in Nasonia?	References
RNA interference	Yes (parental, embryonic, larval, adult)	Lynch and Desplan 2006; Abdel-Latief et al. 2008; Werren et al. 2009; Rosenberg et al. 2014
Morpholinos	Yes (embryonic)	Rosenberg et al. 2014
Germ-line transformation	Limited success	C. Desplan, personal communication
CRISPR/Cas9	Preliminary success	J. A. Lynch, personal observation
TALENs	Yes	C. Desplan, personal communication
Zinc finger nucleases	Not tested	n/a