Table 4.
Association of alcohol drinking frequency with background characteristics of women (N = 861)
| Characteristic | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (vs. Once) | 2-3 times (vs. Once) | ≥4 times (vs. Once) | None (vs. Once) | 2-3 times (vs. Once) | ≥4 times (vs. Once) | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Married/cohabiting | 0.59 (0.41, 0.88)* | 1.77 (1.11, 2.81)* | 1.79 (0.88, 3.69) | 0.85 (0.55, 1.33) | 1.63 (0.97, 2.73) | 1.61 (0.73, 3.57) |
| Divorced/Separated/Windowed | 0.64 (0.37, 1.12) | 1.35 (0.72, 2.55) | 1.80 (0.72, 4.51) | 0.61 (0.33, 1.12) | 1.30 (0.67, 2.54) | 1.76 (0.65, 4.73) |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rural | 0.42 (0.30, 0.58)* | 2.05 (1.41, 2.96)* | 2.48 (1.38, 4.45)* | 0.86 (0.51, 1.45) | 1.53 (0.88, 2.66) | 1.5 (0.62, 4.02) |
| Region | ||||||
| Western | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Central | 5.00 (1.86,13.44)* | 1.67 (0.49, 5.61) | 4.17 (0.69, 24.94) | 5.34(1.94,14.70)* | 1.52(0.45,5.22) | 3.77 (0.60, 23.71) |
| Greater Accra | 2.57 (1.14, 5.77)* | 1.03 (0.40, 2.67) | 2.07 (0.43, 10.05) | 3.10 (1.27, 7.55)* | 1.42(0.49,4.09) | 6.19(1.03,37.19)* |
| Volta | 0.49 (0.19, 1.26) | 1.45 (0.57, 3.68) | 0.91 (0.16, 5.07) | 0.55 (0.18, 1.66) | 0.92 (0.29, 2.91) | 0.92 (0.12, 6.92) |
| Eastern | 2.22 (0.85, 5.83) | 3.19 (1.15, 8.91)* | 3.89 (0.71, 21.19) | 3.36 (1.20, 9.36)* | 3.09(1.03,9.27)* | 3.89 (0.64, 23.59) |
| Ashanti | 2.23 (0.94, 5.28) | 1.57 (0.59, 4.18) | 1.14 (0.19, 6.80) | 2.10 (0.87, 5.07) | 1.60 (0.59, 4.37) | 1.21 (0.19, 7.68) |
| Brong Ahafo | 3.09 (1.06, 9.04)* | 2.00 (0.58, 6.91) | 1.00(0.08,12.39) | 4.04(1.28,12.71)* | 1.47(0.39,5.57) | 0.62 (0.04, 9.08) |
| Northern | 1.21 (0.48, 3.07) | 2.50 (0.95, 6.55) | 4.67 (0.96, 22.79) | 1.96 (0.56, 6.92) | 0.98 (0.27, 3.59) | 3.21 (0.39, 26.59) |
| Upper East | 0.10 (0.03, 0.39)* | 1.29 (0.51, 3.31) | 0.93 (0.17, 5.16) | 0.18 (0.36, 0.94)* | 0.84(0.23,3.11) | 0.53 (0.06, 5.11) |
| Upper West | 0.69 (0.28, 1.65) | 2.66 (1.09, 6.49)* | 4.75(1.04,21.72)* | 1.31 (0.38, 4.48) | 1.73 (0.49, 6.08) | 2.45 (0.31, 19.61) |
| Education | ||||||
| No education | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Primary | 1.83 (1.11, 3.03)* | 0.92 (0.59, 1.42) | 1.63 (0.93, 2.87) | 1.17 (0.65, 2.11) | 1.09 (0.66, 1.81) | 2.28 (1.17, 4.42)* |
| Secondary/Higher | 3.20 (2.16, 4.76)* | 0.63 (0.44, 0.92)* | 0.44 (0.24, 0.81)* | 1.39 (0.79, 2.46) | 1.01 (0.60, 1.69) | 0.82 (0.36, 1.86) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Akan | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ga/Dangme | 0.44 (0.25, 0.78)* | 0.81 (0.42, 1.56) | 1.06 (0.43, 2.64) | 0.39 (0.20, 0.77)* | 0.71 (0.32, 1.57) | 0.52 (0.17, 1.55) |
| Ewe/Guan | 0.44 (0.28, 0.69)* | 1.17 (0.71, 1.92) | 0.72 (0.31, 1.65) | 1.02 (0.53, 1.97) | 1.35 (0.62, 2.94) | 0.59 (0.19, 1.89) |
| Mole-Dagbani | 0.19 (0.11, 0.30)* | 1.19 (0.76, 1.88) | 1.59 (0.84, 3.02) | 0.79 (0.31, 2.03) | 1.11 (0.42, 2.92) | 1.30 (0.29, 5.67) |
| Grussi/Gruma/ Mande | 0.39 (0.23, 0.68)* | 2.31 (1.38, 3.88)* | 1.88 (0.88, 4.03) | 1.17 (0.44, 3.10) | 2.28 (0.87, 6.011) | 0.95 (0.22, 4.22) |
| Wealth | ||||||
| Poor | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Middle | 3.69 (2.22, 6.14)* | 0.84 (0.49, 1.44) | 0.84 (0.39, 1.79) | 2.26 (1.21, 4.20)* | 1.08 (0.58, 1.99) | 1.11 (0.46, 2.71) |
| Rich | 3.18 (2.21, 4.57)* | 0.52 (0.36, 0.76)* | 0.33 (0.18, 0.62)* | 1.50 (0.81, 2.78) | 0.93 (0.51, 1.70) | 0.42 (0.15, 1.17) |
| Employment (past 12 months) | ||||||
| Not employed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Employed | 0.88 (0.58, 1.34) | 1.43 (0.89, 2.29) | 2.56 (1.06, 6.14)* | 1.25(0.77, 2.01) | 1.19 (0.71, 2.02) | 2.59(1.01, 6.62)* |
OR - Crude odds ratio; AOR - Adjusted odds ratio; CI- Confidence Interval; vs - versus *: p < 0.05.