Table 2. Upregulated candidate plasma biomarkers from analysis of WHI pre-diagnostic plasma antibody microarray interrogation.

Candidate up-regulated pre-diagnostic plasma biomarkers for human pancreas cancer. Antibody microarray interrogation and paired T test analyses were used to identify candidate plasma proteins differentiating pre-diagnostic pancreas cancer plasma from age-matched control samples with statistical significance. M values were normalized using linear regression to remove the systematic bias due to experimental or characteristic factors such as printing, incubation day and BMI. We then computed the paired T test p-value and the effect size (the mean difference of case and control in the scale of the control standard deviance). Candidates are listed basedon ascending p-values.

Gene name	Protein name	Effect size	p-value
SEPT5	septin 5	0.42	0.0083
IL2RA	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha	0.42	0.0085
ERBB2	v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2	0.59	0.0122
KRT16	keratin 16	0.34	0.0129
ESR1	estrogen receptor 1	0.63	0.0132
GATA3	GATA binding protein 3	0.28	0.0181
TLX3	T-cell leukemia homeobox 3	0.36	0.0190
CDK2AP1	cyclin-dependent kinase 2 associated protein 1	0.38	0.0205
STAT3 (pY705)	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	0.38	0.0224
CLU	clusterin	0.37	0.0226
SERPINH1	serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade H	0.45	0.0227
HOXD13	homeobox D13	0.33	0.0229
BCL2	B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2	0.40	0.0276
IL1A	interleukin 1, alpha	0.30	0.0326
MLLT10	myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia, 10	0.33	0.0346
DDB2	damage-specific DNA binding protein 2, 48kDa	0.26	0.0368
CD20 (MS4A1)	membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1	0.21	0.0371
BRAF	v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1	0.27	0.0379
TNC	tenascin C	0.35	0.0402
STEAP2	STEAP family member 2, metalloreductase	0.29	0.0421
PKM2	pyruvate kinase, muscle	0.39	0.0478
NDRG1	N-myc downstream regulated 1	0.45	0.0484
ESR1	estrogen receptor 1	0.43	0.0498