Table 2.

The incidence of attributes used to define indications for chemotherapy.

Population or subpopulation of interest	Attribute	Proportion of populations with this attribute	Quality of informationa	References
Oesophageal cancer
All registry cancers	Oesophageal cancer	0.01	α	AIHW [3]
Oesophageal cancer	Good PS	0.80–0.91	α δ	AIHW [3] NSW Population Health Survey [36]
Oesophageal cancer	Metastatic disease	0.26	β	NSW Cancer Registry [37]
Oesophageal cancer, localised disease	Resectable	0.54–0.69	θ	Enzinger and Mayer [38]
Oesophageal cancer, localised disease, operable	Recurrence	0.66	θ	Burmeister et al. [39]
Gastric cancer
All registry cancers	Gastric cancer	0.02	α	AIHW [3]
Gastric cancer	Good PS	0.76–0.89	α δ	AIHW [3] NSW Population Health Survey [36]
Gastric cancer	Metastatic disease	0.29	β	NSW Cancer Registry [40]
Gastric cancer, locoregional disease	Resectable	0.77	δ	Wanebo et al. [41]
Gastric cancer, resected stage 1A	Recurrence	0.05 0.04	ζ ζ	Yoo et al. [42] Sano et al. [43]
Pancreatic cancer
All registry cancers	Pancreatic cancer	0.02	α	AIHW [3]
Pancreatic cancer	Below 80 years old	0.72	α	AIHW [3]
Pancreatic cancer	Metastatic disease	0.51	β	NSW Cancer Registry [44]
Pancreatic cancer, localised disease	Operable	0.16	γ	Janes Jr. et al. [45]
Pancreatic cancer, advanced disease	Good PS	0.30	λ	Brasiunas et al. [46]
Primary liver cancer
All registry cancers	Liver cancer	0.01	α β	AIHW [3] NSW Cancer Registry [40]
Liver cancer	Good PS	0.90	α δ	AIHW [3] NSW Population Health Survey [36]
Liver cancer	Metastatic disease	0.23	β	NSW Cancer Registry [40]
Liver cancer, localised disease	Resectable	0.23	γ	NCDB [5]
Liver cancer, localised disease, unresectable	Suitable for chemoembolisation	0.38	ε	Llovet et al. [47]
Liver cancer, localised disease, resectable	Recurrence	0.2–0.33	θ	Jaeck et al. [48]
Liver cancer, localised disease, resectable, recurrence	Intrahepatic recurrence only	0.83 0.74	ζ ζ	Yang et al. [49] Cha et al. [50]
Liver cancer, localised disease, resectable, intrahepatic recurrence only	Suitable for chemoembolisation	0.68 0.58	λ λ	Poon et al. [51] Takayasu et al. [52]
Gallbladder cancer
All registry cancers	Gallbladder cancer	0.01	α	AIHW [3]
Gallbladder cancer	Good PS	0.68	α δ	AIHW [3] NSW Population Health Survey [36]
Gallbladder cancer	Locoregional, recurrence	0.85–0.95	γ	NCDB [8]
Gallbladder cancer	Metastatic disease	0.37	γ	SEER [53]
Gallbladder cancer	Stage IA	0.12	γ	NCDB [8]

AIHW: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, NSW: New South Wales, SEER: Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results, NCDB: National Cancer Database, and PS: performance status.

^aHierarchy for epidemiological data: α: Australian National Epidemiological data; β: Australian State Cancer Registry; γ: epidemiological databases from other large international groups (e.g., SEER); δ: results from reports of a random sample from a population; ε: comprehensive multi-institutional database; ζ: comprehensive single-institutional database; θ: multi-institutional reports on selected groups (e.g., multi-institutional clinical trials); λ: single-institutional reports on selected groups of cases; μ: expert opinion (adapted from Delaney et al. [34]).