Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of study cohort - MFC-MRO and LSC status pre and post HCT.
| Parameter | All (N =101) | pre HCT MRD (MFC-MRD) (n =66) | post HCT MRD (MFC-MRD) (n =69> | pre HCT LSC (MFC-LSC) (n =72) | post HCT LSC (MFC-LSC) (n = 92) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MRD+ (n=33) n(%) | MRD− (n=33) n(%) | MRD+ (n=23) n(%) | MRD− (n=46) n(%) | LSC+ (n=15) n(%) | LSC− (o=57) n(%) | LSC+ (n=16) n(%) | LSC− (n=76) n(%) | ||
| Age at transplant, years | |||||||||
| Median | 53 | 51 | 55 | 47 | 56 | 49 | 53 | 50 | 55 |
| Range | 80-70 | 18-68 | 18-70 | 19-66 | 18-70 | 18-70 | 20-70 | 19-66 | 18-70 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 61 (60%) | 20 (61%) | 20 (61%) | 16 (70%) | 26 (57%) | 5 (33%) | 31 (54%) | 12 (75%) | 45 (59%) |
| Female | 40 (40%) | 13 (39%) | 13 (39%) | 7 (30%) | 20 (43%) | 10 (67%) | 26 (46%) | 4 (25%) | 31 (41%) |
| Disease Type, | |||||||||
| De novo AML | 74 (73%) | 25 (76%) | 24 (73%) | 18 (78%) | 34 (74%) | 10 (67%) | 43 (75%) | 11 (69%) | 55 (72%) |
| Secondary AML | 22 (22%) | 6 (18%) | 8 (24%) | 5 (22%) | 8 (17%) | 4 (27%) | 13 (23%) | 5 (31%) | 17 (22%) |
| high risk MDS | 5 (5%) | 2 (6%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (9%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (5%) |
| Cytogenetic risk group | |||||||||
| Favourable | 7(7%) | 1(3%) | 2(6%) | 0(0%) | 5(11%) | 0(0%) | 3(5%) | 0(0%) | 5(7%) |
| Intermediate | 70(69%) | 17 (52%) | 25(76%) | 13(57%) | 30(65%) | 6(40%) | 43(75%) | 10(63%) | 57(75%) |
| Adverse | 21 (21%) | 14 (42%) | 5(15%) | 10(43%) | 9(20%) | 9(60%) | 10(18%) | 6(38%) | 12(16%) |
| Unknown / missing | 3(3%) | 1(3%) | 1(3%) | 0(0%) | 2(4%) | 0(0%) | 1(2%) | 0(0%) | 2(3%) |
| FLT3 ITD mutant | 31 (31%) | 10(30%) | 15(45%) | 9(39%) | 14 (30%) | 6(40%) | 21 (37%) | 7(44%) | 23(30%) |
| FLT3 ITD wild type | 60(59%) | 20(61%) | 18(55%) | 12(52%) | 30(65%) | 9(60%) | 34(60%) | 7(44%) | 46(61%) |
| FLT3 ITD no data | 10(10%) | 3(9%) | 0(0%) | 2(9%) | 2(4%) | 0(0%) | 2(4%) | 2(13%) | 7(9%) |
| NPM1 mutant | 14(14%) | 4(12%) | 5(15%) | 3(13%) | 5(11%) | 1(7%) | 9(16%) | 1(6%) | 12(16%) |
| NPM1 wild type | 26(26%) | 12(36%) | 9(27%) | 7(30%) | 13(28%) | 5(33%) | 16(28%) | 6(38%) | 19(25%) |
| NPM1 no data | 61(60%) | 17(52%) | 19 (58%) | 13(57%) | 28(61%) | 9(60%) | 32(56%) | 9(56%) | 45(59%) |
| No. of chemotherapy courses prior to HCT | |||||||||
| 1 | 5(5%) | 4(12%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 4(9%) | 1(1%) | 2(4%) | 0(0%) | 5(7%) |
| 2 | 29 (29%) | 9 (27%) | 10 (30%) | 9 (39%) | 14 (30%) | 6 (40%) | 17 (30%) | 7 (44%) | 20 (26%) |
| ≥3 | 34 (34%) | 12 (36%) | 17 (52%) | 11 (48%) | 17 (37%) | 8 (53%) | 36 (63%) | 8 (50%) | 47 (62%) |
| Missing data | 33 (33%) | 8 (24%) | 6 (18%) | 3 (13%) | 11 (24%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 4 (5%) |
| CR status pre transplant | |||||||||
| CR1 (incfcidng CR1i) | 69 (68%) | 22 (67%) | 28(85%) | 18(78%) | 34(74%) | 10(67%) | 43(75%) | 9(56%) | 54(71%) |
| CR2 (incfcidng CR2i) | 25(25%) | 6(18%) | 5(15%) | 2(9%) | 11(24%) | 2(13%) | 13(23%) | 3(19%) | 18(24%) |
| CR3 (incfcidng CR3i | 2(2%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 1(2%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 2(3%) |
| CRi (either CRIi or CR2t) ANC < 1.000/μL and/or platelets < 100.000/μL) | 23 (23%) | 7(21%) | 2(9%) | 8(17%) | 20(20%) | 4(27%) | 12(21%) | 3(19%) | 17(22%) |
| Not in CR | 5(5%) | 5(15%) | 0(0%) | 3(13%) | 1(2%) | 3(20%) | 1(2%) | 3(19%) | 2(3%) |
| Conditioning Regimen | |||||||||
| Reduced Intensify (RIC) | 73 (72%) | 23 (70%) | 26 (79%) | 14 (61%) | 37 (80%) | 10 (67%) | 41 (72%) | 13 (23%) | 57 (75%) |
| Donor type related / unrelated | 24/M9 | 9/14 | 9/17 | 5/9 | 12/25 | 4/6 | 16/25 | 4/9 | 17/40 |
| Myeloablative (MAC) | 28 (28%) | 10 (30%) | 7 (21%) | 9 (39%) | 9 (20%) | 5 (33%) | 16 (28%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (25%) |
| Donor type related / unrelated | 11/17 | 3/7 | 3/4 | 2/7 | 5/4 | 2/3 | 5/11 | 0/3 | 10/9 |
| Source of stem cells | |||||||||
| Peripheral blood | 96 (95%) | 31 (94%) | 32 (97%) | 23 (100%) | 44 (96%) | 15 (100%) | 55 (96%) | 16 (100%) | 71 (93%) |
| Bone marrow | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0 |
| Cord blood | 5(5%) | 2(6%) | 1(3%) | 0(0%) | 2(4%) | 0(0%) | 2(4%) | 0(0%) | 5(66%) |
| Patient / Donor CMV status | |||||||||
| negative / negative | 36 (36%) | 9 (27%) | 15 (45%) | 5 (22%) | 16 (35%) | 2 (13%) | 24 (42%) | 3 (19%) | 28 (37%) |
| positive / positive | 33 (33%) | 10 (30%) | 11 (33%) | 9 (39%) | 15 (33%) | 6 (40%) | 19 (33%) | 7 (44%) | 24 (32%) |
| positive / negative | 23 (23%) | 10(30%) | 3 (9%) | 6 (26%) | 10(22%) | 4 (27%) | 10(18%) | 4 (25%) | 18(24%) |
| negative / positive | 9 (9%) | 4 (12%) | 4 (12%) | 3 (13%) | 5 (11%) | 3 (20%) | 4 (7%) | 2 (12%) | 6 (8%) |
| Pre HCT MFC-LSC | |||||||||
| detected | 15 (14%) | 10 (30%) | 3 (9%) | 8 (35%) | 5 (11%) | NA | NA | 6 (38%) | 8 (11%) |
| not detected | 57 (56%) | 19 (58%) | 28 (86%) | 12 (52%) | 27 (59%) | NA | NA | 8 (50%) | 42 (55%) |
| Not done | 29 (29%) | 4 (12%) | 2 (6%) | 3 (13%) | 14 (30%) | NA | NA | 2 (12%) | 26 (34%) |
| Pre HCT MFC-MRD | |||||||||
| detected | 33 | NA | NA | 14 | 14 | 10 (67%) | 19 (33%) | 10 (63%) | 21 (28%) |
| not detected | 33 | NA | NA | 6 | 19 | 3 (20%) | 28 (49%) | 4 (25%) | 24 (32%) |
| Not done | 35 | NA | NA | 3 | 13 | 2 (13%) | 10 (18%) | 2 (12%) | 31 (41%) |
| Acute GVHD (grade 2-4) | 28 (28%) | 11 (33%) | 8 (24%) | 6 (26%) | 13 (28%) | 7 (47%) | 15 (26%) | 5 (31%) | 20 (26%) |
Abbreviations: MRD, minimal residual disease (standard multiparameter flow cytometry assay /MFC-MRD); AML, acute myeloid leukemia; HCT, hematopoietic cell transplantation; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; MFC-LSC, immunophenotypic leukemic stem cell population