. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 9.

Published in final edited form as: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2013 Jan 23;23(3):315–321. doi: 10.1038/jes.2012.124

Table 4.

Three-pollutant models of outdoor air pollutants with birth outcomes in 2000, 2003, and 2006 Kids Inpatient Database.

	Increment in birth weight, grams (n=62,906)	OR, low birth weight (n=82,379)	OR, very low birth weight (n=82,379)

Mean PM_2.5, month of birth (µg/m³)	+0.31 (−4.63, +4.01)	1.09 (1.05, 1.14)^***	1.07 (1.04, 1.10)^***
Mean NO₂, month of birth (p.p.b.)	−1.24 (−18.90, +16.42)	1.01 (0.86, 1.18)	1.01 (0.89, 1.16)
Mean CO, month of birth (p.p.m.)	+41.44 (−47.47, 130.35)	1.20 (0.81, 1.78)	1.19 (0.90, 1.56)
	OR, preterm birth (n=179,928)	OR, preterm-low birth weight (n=67,545)	OR, term-low birth weight (n=67,545)

Mean PM_2.5, month of birth (µg/m³)	0.97 (0.96, 0.98)^***	1.09 (1.04, 1.15)^***	1.12 (1.07, 1.16)^**
Mean NO₂, month of birth (p.p.b.)	1.03 (1.02, 1.05)^***	1.06 (0.90, 1.24)	0.88 (0.62, 1.26)
Mean CO, month of birth (p.p.m.)	1.10 (0.99, 1.22)	1.32 (0.84, 2.07)	1.07 (0.56, 2.02)

Insignificant after Bonferroni³¹ correction (0.05>P>0.0167);

P<0.0167,

^**

P<0.001,

^***

P<0.0001.

All models control for race, primary expected payer, median income quartile for patient zip code, hospital region, admission month, teaching hospital status, and gender.