Table 3.

The Association between Toenail Metal Levels and Arterial Compliance in the Boilermakers’ Study

	I. Crude Unadjusted Models				II. Covariate Adjusted Models
Main Effects	Effect Estimate	95%CI Lower	95%CI Upper	p-value	Effect Estimate	95%CI Lower	95%CI Upper	p-value
Nickel	3.07	−1.41	7.55	0.17	5.68	1.38	9.98	0.01 *
Lead	1.28	−3.14	5.70	0.56	2.05	−2.83	6.93	0.39
Cadmium	0.78	−5.05	6.60	0.79	3.42	−3.06	9.91	0.28
Manganese	0.83	−3.31	4.97	0.68	4.18	−0.89	9.24	0.10
Arsenic	−0.77	−7.74	6.19	0.82	0.16	−8.06	8.39	0.97

Separate linear regression models were fitted for each metal. The adjusted models controlled for number of years as a boilermaker, current smoking intensity, body mass index, race, and age at baseline.

^*p-values ≤ Bonferroni corrected α-threshold of 0.01 were considered statistically significant. Arterial Compliance as reflected by Central Augmentation Index was corrected to a heart rate of 75 bpm. Main effects were log-transformed to obtain normally distributed data.