| Urge |
1. Toileting programs (timed voiding, toilet habit training, and prompted voiding) |
| 2. Lifestyle modifications (adequate fluid intake, tapering caffeine, maintaining healthy weight, and regular bowel habits) |
| 3. Pelvic floor muscle training and exercise |
| 4. Bladder retraining with urge suppression |
| 5. Drug therapy (antimuscarinic, beta-3 adrenergic agonist) |
| 6. Intravesical injection of botulinum toxin |
| 7. Electrical stimulation, neuromodulation |
| Stress |
1. Pelvic floor muscle training and exercise (with biofeedback, weighted vaginal cones) |
| 2. Lifestyle modification (adequate fluid intake, stop smoking, diet and medication, maintaining healthy weight, and regular bowel habits) |
| 3. Drug therapy (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) |
| 4. Surgery (midurethral sling, injection of periurethral bulking agent, and insertion of an artificial sphincter) |
| Overflow |
1. Drug therapy (α-adrenergic antagonist, anticholinergic, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, cholinergic agent) |
| 2. Assistive voiding techniques (double voiding, Credé or Valsalva maneuver) |
| 3. Surgery |
| Functional |
1. Toileting programs (prompted voiding) |
| 2. Lifestyle modification (adequate fluid intake) |
| 3. Management of causative or contributing conditions |
| 4. Improvement of mobility |
