Table 1.
Effects of essential oils on richness and distribution of major ruminal bacterial taxa.
| Relative abundance ≥ 1% | Relative abundance ≥ 0.50% | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | ORO | GAO | PEO | C | ORO | GAO | PEO | |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 46 | 37 | 38 | 56 | 77 | 62 | 57 | 80 |
| Class Bacilli | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Bacillus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Carnobacterium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Lactobacillus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Streptococcus | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Pasteuriaceae incertae sedis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Class Clostridia | 43 | 33 | 34 | 51 | 70 | 55 | 51 | 73 |
| Family Veillonellaceae | ||||||||
| Megasphaera | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Succiniclasticum | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Mitsuokella | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Dialister | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| U_Veillonellaceae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Family Incertae sedis XIII | ||||||||
| Anaerovorax | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Mogibacterium | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| U_Incertae sedis XIII | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Family Ruminococcaceae | ||||||||
| Acetivibrio | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Acetanaerobacterium | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Papillibacter | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Ruminococcus | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Sporobacter | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| U_Ruminococcaceae | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 10 |
| Family Clostridiaceae | ||||||||
| Clostridium | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Family U_Peptococcaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Family Incertae sedis XI | ||||||||
| Sedimentibacter | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Family Peptostreptococcaceae_IS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Family Incertae sedis XV | ||||||||
| Aminobacterium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| U_ Incertae sedis XV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Family Lachnospiraceae | ||||||||
| Butyrivibrio | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Syntrophococcus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Roseburia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Lachnobacterium | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 |
| Pseudobutyrivibrio | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| U_Lachnospiraceae | 8 | 8 | 6 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 17 |
| Order U_Clostridiales | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 10 |
| Class U_Clostridia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Class Erysipelotrichi | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Bulleidia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| U_Erysipelotrichaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| U_Firmicutes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 31 | 42 | 28 | 49 | 50 | 53 | 47 | 64 |
| Class Bacteroidia | 31 | 42 | 28 | 48 | 49 | 52 | 47 | 62 |
| Porphyromonadaceae | ||||||||
| Dysgonomonas | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Paludibacter | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Parabacteroides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| U_Porphyromonadaceae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Prevotellaceae | ||||||||
| Hallella | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Prevotella | 16 | 24 | 18 | 27 | 27 | 31 | 31 | 37 |
| U_Prevotellaceae | 6 | 8 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 6 |
| U_Bacteroidales | 8 | 8 | 6 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 13 |
| U_Bacteroidetes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Class Actinobacteria | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Actinomyces | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cellulomonas | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Phylum Fibrobacteres | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Fibrobacter | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Aquabacterium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Desulfobulbus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Succinivibrio | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Citrobacter | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| U_Proteobacteria | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Phylum Spirochaetes | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Treponema | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Phylum Tenericutes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Anaeroplasma | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Phylum Verrucomicrobia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Subdivision 5 Incertae sedis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Phylum TM7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| TM7 genera incertae sedis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 80 | 83 | 69 | 109 | 135 | 121 | 108 | 153 |
U, unclassified; C, control (without any essential oil); GAO, garlic oil; PEO, peppermint oil; ORO, origanum oil; IS, incertae sedis.