Table 1.

Summary of anti-microbial compounds belonging to genetic pathways that show evidence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT).

Compound	Chemical class	Underlying genes*	Example of producing microbe	Best studied pathogen target	Significance to plant/human	References
2,4-DAFG	Phenolic polyketide	phlD and phlACB operon	Pseudomonas fluorescensa	Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici	Disease suppressive soils of crops	McSpadden Gardener et al., 2000; Mavrodi et al., 2001
Agrocin 84	Nucleotide analog	agn operon	Agrobacterium radiobacterb	Agrobacterium sp.	Biocontrol of crown gall	Roberts and Tate, 1977; Wang et al., 1994
Chitinases (family 18)	Lytic enzymes	See text	P. fluorescensa Actinoplanes missouriensis Streptomyces sp. Bacillus subtilis Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	Colletotrichum falcatum Plectosporium tabacinum	Suppression of crop diseases such as lupin root rot	Viswanathan and Samiyappan, 2001; Kobayashi et al., 2002; El-Tarabily, 2003; Quecine et al., 2008
Chitinases (family 19)	Lytic enzymes	See text	Green and purple bacteria Actinobacteria	Various fungal pathogens	Suppression of crop diseases	Prakash et al., 2010
Helvolic acid	Fusidane triterpene	See text	Aspergillus fumigates	Magnaporthe oryzae	Rice blast disease	Lodeiro et al., 2009; Zhao et al., 2010
Loline	Indole alkaloid	LOL-1 and LOL-2	Neotyphodium uncinatum* Epichloe	Insects	Protects its host plants from insects	Blankenship et al., 2001; Schardl, 2010
Mupirocin	Polyketide	mup operon	P. fluorescensa	Methicillin resistant Staphylococci and Streptococci Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria gonorrheae	Clinical use for human	Fuller et al., 1971; Sutherland et al., 1985; Whatling et al., 1995; Gurney and Thomas, 2011
Paclitaxel	Diterpene	See text	Penicillium aurantiogriseum	Heterobasidion annosum Phaeolus schweinitzii Perenniporia subacida	Anticancer	Zhou et al., 2010; Soliman et al., 2013
Phenazines	Heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds	phzADEFG operon	P. fluorescensa* P. aeruginosa Burkholderia cepacia Pantoea agglomerans (Erwinia herbicola)	Rhizoctonia solani Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici Pythium spp. Fusarium oxysporum	Combat soil borne pathogens	Ligon et al., 2000 Gurusiddaiah et al., 1986; Anjaiah et al., 1998; McDonald et al., 2001; Mavrodi et al., 2013
Pyoluteorin	Phenolic polyketide	pltABCDEFG operon	P. fluorescensa	P. ultimum	Damping-off disease in cotton	Howell and Stipanovic, 1980
Pyrrolnitrin	Chlorinated phenylpyrrole	prnABCD operon	P. fluorescensa* Br. pyrrocinia Myxococcus fulvus Pantoea agglomerans Serratia sp.	Trichophyton sp. Botrytis cinerea Rhizoctonia solani G. graminis var. tritic	Treatment of skin mycoses	Arima et al., 1964; Hammer et al., 1993; Chernin et al., 1996; El-Banna and Winkelmann, 1998; Kirner et al., 1998; Hammer et al., 1999; Tazawa et al., 2000
Zwittermicin A	Polyketide/nonribosomal peptide hybrid	zmaA- zmaV and kabR, kabA—kabD	B. cereusc* B. thuringiensis	Phytophthora medicaginis	Contro root rot in alfalfa and chickpeas	Raffel et al., 1996; Silo-Suh et al., 1998; Kevany et al., 2009

^*Indicates that the genes noted have been studied in this species.

A superscript beside the species refers to the recent genome sequence data as indicated below;

^aP. fluorescens (Martínez-García et al., 2015)

^bAgrobacterium radiobacter (Zhang et al., 2014)

^cB. cereus (Takeno et al., 2012).