Table 1.
Cohort Demographics and Metabolic Characteristics
| Total | Metabolically Healthy | Metabolically Unhealthy | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Non‐Obese | Healthy Obese | Unhealthy Non‐Obese | Unhealthy Obese | |||
| n=503 | n=79 (17.8%) | n=25 (4.4%) | n=149 (29.7%) | n=250 (48.1%) | ||
| Categorical variables, n (%) | ||||||
| Men | 159 (41.0) | 24 (29.1) | 6 (29.7) | 59 (48.8) | 70 (41.7) | 0.1063 |
| Employed | 261 (55.8) | 52 (63.8) | 19 (74.5) | 72 (50.3) | 118 (54.6) | 0.2147 |
| Met minimum recommendations for physical activity of ≥600 MET‐minutes/week | 123 (32.2) | 29 (44.7) | 8 (35.4) | 41 (37.2) | 45 (23.9) | 0.0625 |
| Met recommendations of ≥5 servings of fruit and vegetables per day | 45 (12.5) | 11 (21.5) | 6 (37.4) | 10 (6.8) | 18 (9.6) | 0.0071 |
| Current smokers | 41 (11.3) | 8 (10.3) | 1 (2.5) | 11 (11.7) | 21 (12.2) | 0.4845 |
| Diabetes (ADA2010_DM variable) | 108 (20.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 32 (20.1) | 76 (29.2) | 0.1188 |
| CRP≥3 mg/L | 335 (71.3) | 28 (50.4) | 10 (52.4) | 93 (64.5) | 204 (85.1) | <0.0001 |
| Continuous variables, mean±SE | ||||||
| Age, y | 50.3±0.9 | 46.7±2.7 | 44.8±3.4 | 53.2±1.4 | 50.3±1.2 | 0.0421 |
| Annual household income (US dollars) | 35425±3664.2 | 43556±12153.0 | 31921±5571.5 | 29905±4978.3 | 35451±4270.5 | 0.6791 |
| Years of education | 10.7±0.3 | 12.2±0.6 | 11.9±0.9 | 10.0±0.4 | 10.6±0.4 | 0.0134 |
| Total minutes of moderate and vigorous activity | 901.2±179.6 | 1212.7±295.4 | 4148.0±3481.4 | 806.3±148.0 | 519.3±114.8 | 0.075 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 182.7±2.3 | 184.0±6.5 | 187.6±8.1 | 181.3±4.0 | 182.6±3.1 | 0.8471 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 153.4±5.6 | 86.1±5.6 | 89.7±6.9 | 172.0±11.0 | 172.7±7.4 | <0.0001 |
| HDL‐cholesterol, mg/dL | 44.8±0.9 | 55.3±1.5 | 54.0±2.9 | 42.9±2.3 | 41.2±0.9 | <0.0001 |
| LDL‐cholesterol, mg/dL | 107.9±1.9 | 112.1±5 | 114.8±5.8 | 105.0±3.4 | 107.6±2.8 | 0.4184 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.3±0.4 | 25.9±0.3 | 33.2±0.6 | 26.8±0.2 | 35.8±0.6 | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 104.0±1.0 | 91.1±1.0 | 104.9±1.8 | 96.5±0.8 | 113.3±1.4 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 118.1±0.9 | 109.9±1.5 | 108.8±2.4 | 119.9±1.7 | 120.9±1.4 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 72.3±0.6 | 67.0±1.4 | 69.0±1.6 | 72.4±0.9 | 74.5±0.9 | 0.0007 |
| CRP, mg/L* | 3.5±0.2 | 2.4±0.4 | 3.5±0.3 | 2.1±0.4 | 4.3±0.3 | <0.0001 |
| Insulin, mg/dL | 15.3±1.1 | 8.3±0.6 | 11.5±0.9 | 14.2±2.0 | 19.2±1.8 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 107.2±1.9 | 91.3±0.9 | 95.6±1.9 | 108.5±3.8 | 113.3±2.7 | <0.0001 |
| HOMA IR | 4.0±0.3 | 1.8±0.1 | 2.7±0.2 | 3.6±0.4 | 5.3±0.5 | <0.0001 |
| Hba1c, % | 5.6±0.1 | 5.1±0.1 | 5.2±0.2 | 5.6±0.1 | 5.9±0.1 | <0.0001 |
Data are adjusted for the probability of sampling using weights taking into consideration clustering effects arising from the same census block and household. BMI indicates body mass index; CRP, C‐reactive protein; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; MAT, metabolic equivalent.
*
CRP>10 mg/L excluded, n=283.