Table 2.

Surgical and Catheter Procedure Variables

	Surgical Ablation	Catheter Ablation
N	51	50
Procedure time, min	190±30	137±41
X‐ray time, min	NA	8±4
Total radiofrequency energy duration, min	NA	28.1±12.4
In‐hospital stay, days	4.1±3	3.1±1.1
Major complications	7 (13.7%)	0 (0%)
Conversion to sternotomy	2 (3.9%)
Permanent phrenic nerve injury	4 (7.8%)
Tamponade	1 (2%)
Minor complications	10 (20%)	0 (0%)
Nonsignificant pulmonary vein narrowing*	7 (13.7%)
Temporary phrenic nerve injury	1 (2%)
Postoperative infection	2 (3.9%)

NA indicates not applicable.

^*Narrowing <50%.