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. 2015 Apr 15;142(8):1528–1541. doi: 10.1242/dev.119271

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© 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 7. — Functional characterisation of epicardium-derived SMCs. (A) Change in the relative fluorescence unit (ΔRFU) of Fluo-4 AM-loaded HeLa cells, rat aortic SMCs (RASMC), human coronary artery (HCASMC) and epicardium-derived SMCs (EPI-SMC) by flow cytometry over 10 min after the addition of carbachol. (B) Peak ΔRFU 1 min after carbachol addition. Differences in Fluo-4 intensity compared with HeLa cells. ***P<0.001. (C) Fluo-4 AM-loaded cells displayed a change in cell surface area following carbachol stimulation. (D) EPI-SMCs, RASMCs and HCASMCs displayed 10-30% decreases in cell surface area with negligible change in HeLa cells. (E) Uptake of Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated acetylated low density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) in EPI-SMCs and HCASMCs appears as red droplets after 2 and 3 h of incubation. Nuclei counterstained with DAPI (blue). Effective lowering of LDL uptake observed after treatment with atorvastatin (Ac-LDL+statin) in both cell types. (F) Quantification of Alexa Fluor 594 intensity in the absence (solid line) and presence (dashed line) of atorvastatin. **P<0.01. Scale bars: 100 μm.