Figure 1.

Environmental factors associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development through different mechanisms. Several factors including metals, pesticides, nanoparticles, and diet can affect the two targets of AD such as Aβ generation and Tau phosphorylation. The figure depicts the molecular targets than can be modified at different levels following the amyloid hypothesis that ends in Aβ senile plaques formation (upper part) or the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein and its subsequent deposition as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) (lower part). For more detail see the text.