Gene expression levels of Toll-like receptor-4 (A), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (B), TNF-α (C), IL-2 (D), IL-10 (E) and transforming growth factor-β1 (F) in the intestinal mucosa of piglets. Values are least-squares means with their standard errors represented by vertical bars. a,bMean values with unlike letters were significantly different (P≤ 0·05). Four piglets were analysed per treatment and small-intestinal segment. Base (), piglets killed at the beginning of the experiment; BC-fed (), piglets separated from the sow and fed bovine colostrum; MR-fed (), piglets separated from the sow and fed a commercial milk replacer; Sow-Milk (), piglets kept with the sow. (A) P
treat= 0·011; P
seg= 0·010; P
treat × seg= 0·726. (B) P
treat= 0·046; P
seg= 0·007; P
treat × seg= 0·183. (C) P
treat= 0·100; P
seg= 0·009; P
treat × seg= 0·500. (D) P
treat= 0·009; P
seg= 0·171; P
treat × seg= 0·074. (E) P
treat= 0·022; P
seg= 0·005; P
treat × seg= 0·191. (F) P
treat= 0·161; P
seg= 0·002; P
treat × seg= 0·720.