Table 1.
Characteristics (mean (SD), %) of study variables by race and gender
| Whites | Blacks | P for Race Difference |
Total (n=945) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males (n=295) |
Females (n=366) |
Males (n=102) |
Females (n=182) |
Males | Females | ||
| Childhood (First exam) | |||||||
| Age (year) | 10.0 (3.1) | 9.7 (3.1) | 10.1 (2.9) | 9.5 (2.8) | 0.762 | 0.392 | 9.7(3.0) |
| BMI | 17.8 (3.5) | 17.6 (3.5) | 17.8 (3.8) | 17.4 (3.5) | 0.793 | 0.812 | 17.6(3.4) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 101.0 (9.8) | 99.5 (9.5) | 100.5 (11.6) | 98.7 (10.0) | 0.532 | 0.727 | 99.8(9.9) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 61.7 (8.2) | 61.9 (8.5) | 63.3 (8.7) | 61.4 (8.8) | 0.098 | 0.793 | 61.9(8.5) |
| Adulthood (Last exam) | |||||||
| Age (year) | 36.9 (4.1) | 36.4 (4.3) | 37.1 (4.2) | 35.7 (4.6)* | 0.639 | 0.084 | 36.5(4.3) |
| BMI | 29.3 (5.7) | 28.2(7.1)* | 29.9 (7.6) | 32.2 (9.1)* | 0.362 | <0.001 | 29.4(7.2) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 119.4 (11.9) | 111.5(11.4)** | 130.1 (18.5) | 121.4 (16.9)** | <0.001 | <0.001 | 117.8(14.9) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.0 (8.2) | 75.3(8.6)** | 87.7 (13.5) | 81.4 (11.3)** | <0.001 | <0.001 | 79.6(10.4) |
| AUC measures | |||||||
| Total AUC of BMI | 24.8 (4.4) | 23.5 (4.8)** | 24.9 (5.4) | 25.9 (5.8) | 0.806 | <0.001 | 24.4(4.9) |
| Total AUC of SBP | 113.4 (7.3) | 107.3 (6.3)** | 116.4 (9.3) | 111.1 (7.7)** | <0.001 | <0.001 | 110.9(7.9) |
| Total AUC of DBP | 72.5 (5.6) | 69.8 (4.5)** | 73.9 (7.3) | 71.8 (5.9)* | 0.016 | <0.001 | 71.4(5.7) |
| Incremental AUC of BMI | 6.9 (2.6) | 6.0 (3.6)** | 7.0 (2.9) | 8.3 (4.1)* | 0.874 | <0.001 | 6.8(3.4) |
| Incremental AUC of SBP | 12.7 (5.4) | 7.9 (5.9)** | 16.5 (7.1) | 12.8 (6.7)** | <0.001 | <0.001 | 11.3(6.7) |
| Incremental AUC of DBP | 11.3 (3.1) | 8.5 (4.1)** | 12.1 (4.1) | 10.5 (4.5)** | 0.050 | <0.001 | 10.1(4.2) |
| Adulthood (Last exam) | |||||||
| Heart rate (beat/min) | 67.7 (8.1) | 69.9 (9.2)** | 68.3 (9.4) | 70.6 (9.5) | 0.560 | 0.433 | 69.1 (9.0) |
| Physical activity (n=733) | 3.3 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.1)** | 3.5 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.0) | 0.113 | <0.001 | 3.3(1.1) |
| TG/HDL-C (n=733) | 4.5 (4.5) | 2.7 (2.2)** | 3.2 (3.7) | 1.9 (1.1)** | 0.007 | <0.001 | 3.2(3.3) |
| HOMA (n=733) | 3.3 (3.3) | 2.5 (2.9)** | 3.0 (2.6) | 3.6 (3.6) | 0.414 | <0.001 | 3.0(3.2) |
| Current Smoker (%) | 28.1 | 30.1 | 39.2 | 32.4 | 0.037 | 0.573 | 30.9 |
| Years of smoking† | 18.9 (6.7) | 17.7 (5.6) | 18.6 (7.9) | 15.2 (7.2)* | 0.941 | 0.004 | 17.9(6.7) |
| afPWV (m/sec) | 5.4 (0.9) | 5.2 (0.8)* | 5.6 (1.0) | 5.5 (1.3) | 0.036 | <0.001 | 5.3(1.0) |
Gender difference within racial groups:
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01
BMI=body mass index; S(D)BP=systolic (diastolic) blood pressure; AUC=area under the curve; TG/HDL-C=triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA=homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; afPWV=aorta-femoral pulse wave velocity
†
, years of smoking of current smokers and ex-smokers