Table 4.

Standardized regression coefficients (β) of SBP and smoking for adult aorta-femoral pulse wave velocity, adjusting for additional covariates in a subset of 733 subjects

Independent Variable	Model I		Model II		Model III		Model IV
	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p
Childhood BMIa	0.006	0.855	---		---		0.027	0.479
Childhood SBPa	0.013	0.703	---		---		0.026	0.436
Adulthood BMIb	---		−0.032	0.403	---		---
Adulthood SBPb	---		0.354	<0.001	---		---
Total AUC of BMIc	---		---		0.012	0.753	---
Total AUC of SBPc	---		---		0.225	<0.001	---
Incremental AUC of BMId	---		---		---		0.038	0.356
Incremental AUC of SBPd	---		---		---		0.189	<0.001
Adulthood age	0.217	<0.001	0.160	<0.001	0.203	<0.001	0.226	<0.001
Females	−0.069	0.042	0.018	0.591	−0.071	0.029	−0.071	0.031
Blacks	0.098	0.003	−0.001	0.972	0.100	0.002	0.102	0.002
Heart rate	0.107	0.001	0.092	0.003	0.097	0.002	0.099	0.002
Physical activity	−0.039	0.243	−0.022	0.487	−0.021	0.518	−0.024	0.456
TG/HDL-C ratio	0.060	0.090	0.040	0.234	0.055	0.106	0.053	0.121
HOMA	0.157	<0.001	0.097	0.007	0.113	0.002	0.120	<0.001
Current smoking	0.127	<0.001	0.094	0.003	0.122	<0.001	0.107	0.001

BMI=body mass index; SBP=systolic blood pressure; AUC=area under the curve; TG/HDL-C=triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA=homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance

^a, adjusted for childhood age and adulthood values and Z-transformed;

^b, Z-transformed;

^c, adjusted for average age and Z-transformed;

^d, adjusted for average age and Z-transformed