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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2014 Jul 23;75:230–240. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.021

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Mitochondrial dysfunction in MCI cybrid cells. (A–D) Enzymatic activity of complex I, III, and IV (CcO), and ATP levels were determined in cell lysates from indicated cell groups. (E–F) Mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) (E) and Mitosox staining intensity (F), respectively. Image intensity was quantified using NIH ImageJ software. (G) The production of the intracellular ROS determined by EPR spectroscopy in Non-MCI and MCI cybrids. (H) Representative spectra of EPR. The peak height in the spectrum indicates the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Data are expressed as fold increase relative to Non-MCI cybrid cells. N = 7 cell lines/group.