Table 2.

Relative Contribution of 11β-HSD1 and the Adrenals to Cortisol Appearance Rates

	Carbohydrate			Protein			Fat
Cortisol Appearance Rates, nmol/min	Steady State (Before Meal)	Postprandial Peak (t = 285 min)	Placebo-Corrected Peak (t = 285 min)	Steady State (Before Meal)	Postprandial Peak (t = 255 min)	Placebo-Corrected Peak (t = 255 min)	Steady State (Before Meal)	Postprandial Peak (t = 255 min)	Placebo-Corrected Peak (t = 255 min)	Placebo Steady State (Before Meal)
Ra cortisol	34.9 ± 8.2	59.5 ± 2.8a	27.8 ± 10.4b	36.3 ± 7.9	76.5 ± 18.1a	36.9 ± 17.0b	38.4 ± 6.5	55.9 ± 12.3a	18.0 ± 8.1b	34.8 ± 6.6
Ra d3-cortisol	15.5 ± 1.4	22.7 ± 2.3c	5.5 ± 1.2d	15.2 ± 1.5	19.2 ± 1.7c	2.3 ± 1.3	16.6 ± 1.6	19.2 ± 1.6	0.8 ± 1.0	15.1 ± 1.1
Ra cortisol by 11β-HSD1	17.7 ± 2.1	26.5 ± 2.8c	11.9 ± 2.4e	20.4 ± 3.5	28.4 ± 4.6a	7.4 ± 2.7b	19.3 ± 2.1	23.2 ± 3.6a	5.1 ± 2.6b	17.1 2.1
Ra cortisol by adrenals	17.2 ± 4.7	33.0 ± 4.3	15.9 ± 9.5	15.9 ± 2.7	48.1 ± 14.3a	29.4 ± 16.2b	19.1 ± 3.2	32.7 ± 9.0a	12.9 ± 9.8	17.7 ± 2.9

The contribution of 11β-HSD1 to total Ra cortisol was calculated at steady state and at postprandial peak values using equations 4 and 5. There was no rise in Ra cortisol after the placebo meal; hence, only the steady state values are presented. The adrenal contribution to total Ra cortisol was calculated by subtracting the contribution of 11β-HSD1 from Ra cortisol.

^aP < .05 vs steady state.

^bP < .05 vs placebo.

^cP < .01 vs steady state.

^dP < .001 vs placebo.

^eP < .01 vs placebo.