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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 10.
Published in final edited form as: J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(9):1339–1352. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2013.12.0264

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Typical progression of stand-to-sit (STS) maneuver demonstrated by subject I with spinal cord injury using functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) (top row) and nondisabled subject D (bottom row). In example shown, ramping down of stimulation for subject I was initiated 1.8 s before frame (a), which illustrates only last 10% of stimulation pattern. Stimulation ended after frame (a) and no further stimulation was applied for frames (b)–(f). Subjects using FNS typically initiated STS maneuver by leaning forward while stimulation was decreasing (a) and exaggerated flexion of hips (b), which led to passive locking of knees even after cessation of stimulation. Once their stimulated muscles were relaxed and posture changed to unlock knees, knees would flex (c) to allow descent toward chair (d)–(f).