Table 5.
Total lipid content (TL; mg/g DW), total fatty acid content (FA, mg/g DW), and the percentage of each fatty acid (%) of Echium acanthocarpum hairy roots at sampling point 4 cultured for 20 days (culture B1) or 45 days (cultures C1–C4).
| Sampling point 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | |
| TL (mg/g DW) | 33.41 ± 3.66 | 41.67 ± 2.45 | 35.05 ± 4.50 | 32.20 ± 4.94 | 31.03 ± 1.03 |
| FA (mg/g DW) | 7.30 ± 6.28 | 18.90 ± 3.85 | 9.74 ± 0.55 | 12.80 ± 4.00 | 8.92 ± 1.26 |
| Fatty acids | |||||
| 14:0 | 0.22 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | ND | 0.10 ± 0.09 | 0.12 ± 0.11 |
| 16:0 | 26.53 ± 1.73 | 20.03 ± 0.99 | 23.43 ± 2.02 | 23.02 ± 2.40 | 24.49 ± 1.10 |
| 18:0 | 2.92 ± 0.30 | 1.48 ± 0.06 | 1.94 ± 0.24 | 1.88 ± 0.30 | 2.20 ± 0.22 |
| 18:1n-9 | 4.56 ± 0.92 | 8.29 ± 1.70 | 5.69 ± 0.71 | 6.26 ± 1.09 | 4.94 ± 1.07 |
| 18:1n-7 | 1.53 ± 0.05 | 0.60 ± 0.04 | 0.87 ± 1.19 | 0.90 ± 0.16 | 1.10 ± 0.07 |
| 18:2n-6 (LA) | 36.82 ± 0.99 | 35.79 ± 0.65 | 33.98 ± 2.00 | 35.71 ± 1.09 | 36.70 ± 1.41 |
| 18:3n-6 (GLA) | 13.88 ± 0.78 | 18.37 ± 0.70 | 18.99 ± 2.51 | 18.15 ± 1.51 | 17.69 ± 1.53 |
| 18:3n-3 (ALA) | 4.24 ± 0.20 | 5.16 ± 0.65 | 6.71 ± 0.80 | 6.17 ± 0.56 | 6.16 ± 0.54 |
| 18:4n-3 (SDA) | 1.26 ± 0.45 | 1.96 ± 0.47 | 3.06 ± 0.67 | 2.77 ± 0.43 | 1.29 ± 0.89 |
| 20:0 | 0.29 ± 0.06 | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.60 ± 0.03 | 0.53 ± 0.08 | 0.57 ± 0.10 |
| 22:0 | 2.45 ± 0.31 | 1.56 ± 0.12 | 1.71 ± 0.16 | 1.60 ± 0.04 | 1.55 ± 0.18 |
| 24:0 | 1.94 ± 0.49 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 1.28 ± 0.07 | 1.37 ± 0.12 | 0.29 ± 0.06 |
| Unknown | 2.36 ± 0.35 | 2.63 ± 0.71 | 1.26 ± 0.25 | 1.25 ± 0.32 | 1.50 ± 0.06 |
|
| |||||
| GLA + SDA | 15.14 ± 1.23 | 20.33 ± 1.17 | 22.05 ± 3.18 | 20.92 ± 1.94 | 18.98 ± 2.42 |
| Total saturated FA | 34.36 ± 1.67 | 25.36 ± 0.92 | 28.97 ± 2.09 | 28.50 ± 2.54 | 30.33 ± 1.08 |
| Total monoene FA | 7.07 ± 0.73 | 10.72 ± 1.90 | 7.03 ± 0.70 | 7.45 ± 0.90 | 6.33 ± 1.15 |
| n-9 | 5.33 ± 0.66 | 9.94 ± 1.95 | 5.69 ± 0.71 | 6.26 ± 1.09 | 4.94 ± 1.07 |
| n-6 | 50.70 ± 1.66 | 54.16 ± 0.95 | 52.97 ± 0.54 | 53.85 ± 1.51 | 54.39 ± 2.87 |
| n-3 | 5.50 ± 0.53 | 7.12 ± 1.10 | 9.76 ± 1.46 | 8.94 ± 0.94 | 7.45 ± 0.84 |
| n-3/n-6 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.02 |
| Δ6-des index (n-6) | 0.27 ± 0.01 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 0.36 ± 0.04 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.01 |
| Δ6-des index (n-3) | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 0.27 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.10 |
| DBI | 1.40 ± 0.06 | 1.61 ± 0.03 | 1.64 ± 0.09 | 1.63 ± 0.07 | 1.56 ± 0.03 |
ND: Not detected. n-6 and n-3 Δ6-desaturation indexes were calculated as 18:3n-6/(18:3n-6 + 18:2n-6) and 18:4n-3/(18:4n-3 + 18:3n-3), respectively.
Double bond index (DBI) was calculated as [(%18:1n) + 2 × (%18:2n) + 3 × (%18:3n) + 4 × (18:4n)]/100. Values represent the mean of three replicates (n = 3) ± SD.