Table 2.
Regional systolic rotation and untwist data during isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) at rest and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at −20 mmHg and −40 mmHg. Untwist was defined as: (peak systolic rotation – rotation at mitral valve opening (MVO)
| Rest | LBNP −20 mmHg | LBNP −40 mmHg | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basal level (n = 11) | ||||
| Peak sys. rotation, ° | −5.4 (−6.8, −3.7) | −5.0 (−6.2, −4.5) | −5.4 (−7.0, −3.7) | 0.70 |
| Rotation, MVO, ° | −2.6 (−4.7, −1.1) | −2.9 (−4.2, −0.9) | −2.7 (−4.5, −1.7) | 0.70 |
| Untwist, ° | −2.0 (−3.7, −1.0) | −2.0 (−4.1, −1.2) | −1.8 (−3.4, −1.3) | 0.53 |
| Subpapillary level (n = 11) | ||||
| Rotation, ES, ° | 2.9 (1.4, 5.6) | 3.2 (1.8, 7.1) | 4.5 (1.4, 9.4) | 0.06 |
| Rotation, MVO, ° | −0.0 (−1.1, 4.1) | 0.2 (−2.7, 4.5) | −1.1 (−2.1, 2.3) | 0.23 |
| Untwist, ° | 2.3 (1.4, 3.5) | 3.0 (1.8, 4.5) | 4.5 (3.1, 7.6)*† | <0.001 |
| Apical level (n = 12) | ||||
| Peak sys. rotation, ° | 8.1 (7.0, 10.3) | 9.6 (5.5, 12.5) | 11.4 (9.4, 16.5)* | <0.001 |
| Rotation, MVO, ° | 4.7 (2.2, 7.2) | 4.4 (0.1, 7.9) | 3.4 (0.3, 6.7) | 0.53 |
| Untwist, ° | 3.9 (2.3, 4.3) | 5.4 (4.0, 6.6) | 7.6 (6.4, 10.5)*,† | <0.001 |
ES, end-systole.
Values are Median (IQR).
*P < 0.05 versus rest, †P < 0.05 versus LBNP −20 mmHg.